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Brain Imaging01:14

Brain Imaging

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Brain imaging technologies provide critical insights into both the structure and function of the human brain, enabling medical professionals and researchers to diagnose, study, and treat neurological disorders or psychiatric disorders more effectively.
These technologies include computerized axial tomography (CAT or CT scans), positron-emission tomography (PET scans),  magnetic resonance imaging (MRI),  functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), and Transcranial Magnetic...
272

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Deep brain stimulation normalizes amygdala responsivity in treatment-resistant depression.

Nora Runia1,2, Isidoor O Bergfeld3,4, Bart P de Kwaasteniet5

  • 1Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Department of Psychiatry, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. n.runia@amsterdamumc.nl.

Molecular Psychiatry
|March 29, 2023
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Summary

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the ventral anterior limb of the internal capsule (vALIC) normalized amygdala function in treatment-resistant depression (TRD). This brain stimulation approach improved emotional processing and vigilance, potentially explaining its antidepressant effects.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • Treatment-resistant depression (TRD) is associated with aberrant amygdala functioning.
  • The precise mechanisms underlying deep brain stimulation (DBS) for TRD are not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of vALIC DBS on amygdala responsivity and functional connectivity in TRD patients.
  • To explore both long-term and short-term effects of DBS on brain activity related to emotional processing.

Main Methods:

  • Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used to assess amygdala activity and connectivity in 11 TRD patients before and after vALIC DBS.
  • A control group of 16 healthy individuals and a short-term deactivation study with 13 TRD patients were included.
  • An emotional face-viewing paradigm was employed to probe neural responses.

Main Results:

  • TRD patients exhibited reduced right amygdala responsivity at baseline compared to controls.
  • Long-term vALIC DBS normalized right amygdala responsivity, correlating with faster reaction times.
  • Active DBS enhanced amygdala connectivity with sensorimotor and cingulate cortices compared to sham stimulation.

Conclusions:

  • vALIC DBS appears to restore amygdala responsivity and enhance behavioral vigilance in TRD patients.
  • These neurobiological changes may underlie the antidepressant effects of vALIC DBS.
  • The findings provide insights into the working mechanisms of DBS for severe depression.