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Updated: Aug 5, 2025
Scanning Skeletal Remains for Bone Mineral Density in Forensic Contexts
Published on: January 29, 2018
How low can we go? CT dose reduction in the assessment of the medial clavicular epiphysis in forensic age estimation:
Silke Mehnert1,2, Nicole Berger3, Patricia M Flach4,5
1Department of Forensic Medicine and Imaging, Institute of Forensic Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
Background:
Projection radiography and, more recently, computed tomography (CT) play an important role in forensic age estimation. Both in terms of general criminal responsibility and government regulations concerning refugee care, it is important to differentiate correctly between youths and adults. A disadvantage of age estimation in CT is the ionizing radiation exposure.
Purpose:
To investigate how far the CT dose can be reduced without losing diagnostic confidence in assessing the different stages of ossification of the medial clavicle.
Material And Methods:
We prospectively scanned 25 postmortem cases with a fixed parameters protocol (FPP) and a care dose modulation protocol (CDMP) for different scan parameters. Two radiologists assessed the diagnostic image quality using a 5-point Likert scale. Inter-reader agreement was evaluated with Cohen's kappa. Differences in doses between FPP and CDMP were assessed with the one-tailed t-test.
Results:
The best combination of diagnostic image quality and lowest radiation dose was obtained using a CDMP with 100 kV and 40 mAs and an FPP with 100 kV and 30 mAs. Doses for 120 kV were significantly higher (one-tailed P < 0.001). The diagnostic image quality for 80 kV was insufficient overall.
Discussion:
Our results confirm that CT imaging at 100 kV allows a sufficient image quality that is diagnostic for age estimation in the ossification of the medial clavicle.
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