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A Survey on Current-Mode Interfaces for Bio Signals and Sensors.

Massimo Scarsella¹, Gianluca Barile¹, Vincenzo Stornelli¹

¹Department of Industrial and Information Engineering and Economics, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)

|March 30, 2023

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Second-generation current conveyors (CCII) and voltage conveyors (VCII) offer superior performance for bio-signal conditioning. These current-mode circuits provide advantages like simplicity and low noise for various biosensor interfaces.

Keywords:

CCII SiPM VCII Wheatstone bridge biosensors capacitive sensors current-mode approach resistive sensors sensor interface circuits signal conditioning

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Area of Science:

Electronics
Biomedical Engineering
Signal Processing

Background:

Current conveyors (CCII) are established current-mode active blocks that surpass operational amplifier limitations.
Voltage conveyors (VCII) are duals of CCIIs, offering similar benefits with a voltage output.
Traditional voltage-mode circuits face limitations in bio-signal conditioning applications.

Purpose of the Study:

To review second-generation current conveyors (CCII) and voltage conveyors (VCII) for bio-signal and biosensor conditioning.
To explore the application of CCII and VCII circuits in various biomedical sensing technologies.
To highlight the advantages of current-mode approaches over voltage-mode approaches for biosensor readout circuits.

Main Methods:

Literature review of CCII and VCII circuit applications in biosensing.
Analysis of circuit performance metrics including simplicity, noise, speed, and power consumption.
Comparison of current-mode versus voltage-mode readout circuit designs.

Main Results:

CCII and VCII circuits are suitable for a wide range of biosensors, including electrochemical (glucose, cholesterol, oximetry), ISFETs, SiPMs, and ultrasonic sensors.
Current-mode circuits offer enhanced simplicity, low-noise, high-speed performance, and reduced signal distortion compared to voltage-mode circuits.
VCIIs provide an easily interpretable voltage output while retaining the advantages of current-mode operation.

Conclusions:

Second-generation conveyors (CCII and VCII) represent a powerful approach for developing efficient electronic interfaces for diverse biosensors.
The adoption of current-mode circuits can significantly improve the performance and reduce the complexity of bio-signal acquisition systems.
Further research into CCII and VCII applications can lead to advancements in portable and high-performance biomedical devices.