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Growth Differentiation Factor 15: A Prognostic Marker in Patients with Acute Chest Pain without Acute Myocardial

Gard M S Myrmel1, Ole-Thomas Steiro1, Hilde L Tjora2

  • 1Department of Heart Disease, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.

Clinical Chemistry
|March 30, 2023
PubMed

Insights

Growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15) predicts long-term mortality and cardiovascular events in patients with acute chest pain but without acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Higher GDF-15 levels indicate a significantly increased risk for poor outcomes.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Biomarkers
  • Prognostic Medicine

Background:

  • Acute chest pain increases mortality risk, even without acute myocardial infarction (AMI).
  • Growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15) is a known prognostic marker in AMI patients.
  • The prognostic utility of GDF-15 in non-AMI chest pain patients remains unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the predictive ability of GDF-15 for long-term prognosis in patients presenting with acute chest pain but without AMI.
  • To determine if GDF-15 can identify patients at higher risk for adverse outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • 1320 patients with acute chest pain and no AMI were followed for a median of 1523 days.
  • Primary endpoint was all-cause mortality; secondary endpoints included cardiovascular death, future AMI, heart failure hospitalization, and new-onset atrial fibrillation.
  • Multivariable Cox regression analysis was used to assess GDF-15 as an independent predictor.

Main Results:

  • Elevated GDF-15 concentrations correlated with increased risk of all-cause mortality and all secondary endpoints.
  • GDF-15 levels in the 4th quartile were independent predictors of all-cause death (aHR: 2.75), cardiovascular death (aHR: 3.74), and heart failure hospitalization (aHR: 2.60).
  • Incorporating GDF-15 into risk models significantly improved the prediction of all-cause mortality.

Conclusions:

  • Higher GDF-15 levels are associated with an elevated risk of all-cause mortality in patients with acute chest pain and no AMI.
  • GDF-15 serves as a valuable independent predictor of long-term adverse cardiovascular events in this patient cohort.
Abstract

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