Related Experiment Video
Updated: Aug 4, 2025
07:20
Amide Coupling Reaction for the Synthesis of Bispyridine-based Ligands and Their Complexation to Platinum as Dinuclear Anticancer Agents
Published on: May 28, 2014
14.0K
Cytotoxic cis-ruthenium(III) bis(amidine) complexes
Tao Liu1, Chen Pan1, Huatian Shi2
1Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, 515041, P.R. China. wxni@stu.edu.hk.
Dalton Transactions (Cambridge, England : 2003)
|March 31, 2023
Summary
Ruthenium complexes with cis geometry show high cytotoxicity against cancer cells, including cisplatin-resistant types. These novel compounds offer a promising alternative to platinum-based chemotherapy drugs.
Area of Science:
- Medicinal Chemistry
- Inorganic Chemistry
- Cancer Research
Background:
- Platinum compounds are standard chemotherapy agents.
- Ruthenium compounds are explored as alternatives due to unique properties.
- The impact of geometry on ruthenium complex efficacy is understudied.
Purpose of the Study:
- To synthesize and evaluate cis-configured bis(acetylacetonato)ruthenium(III) complexes with amidine ligands.
- To investigate the cytotoxic effects and mechanisms of these novel ruthenium complexes.
- To compare the efficacy of cis and trans ruthenium complexes.
Main Methods:
- Synthesis of cis-bis(amidine)ruthenium(III) complexes.
- In vitro cytotoxicity assays against various cancer cell lines.
- Flow cytometry and assays for apoptosis, reactive oxygen species, and DNA damage.
- In vivo studies using tumor xenograft models in nude mice.
Main Results:
- The synthesized cis-ruthenium complexes exhibit high cytotoxicity, including against cisplatin-resistant cell lines.
- A representative complex induces G0/G1 cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, and DNA damage in NCI-H460 cells.
- In vivo studies demonstrate significant tumor growth inhibition without causing weight loss.
Conclusions:
- Ruthenium(III) bis(amidine) complexes are cytotoxic in both cis and trans geometries, unlike platinum compounds.
- These findings highlight the potential of cis-ruthenium complexes as novel chemotherapeutic agents.
- Geometry plays a crucial role in the anticancer activity of ruthenium complexes.
Related Concept Videos
01:26Physical Properties of Amines
3.3K
Amines with low molecular weight are usually gaseous at room temperature, while those with high molecular weight are liquid or solids in nature. Usually, low molecular weight amines have a rotten fish-like smell. Diamines typically have a pungent smell. For instance, cadaverine and putrescine, depicted in Figure 1, are two molecules responsible for decaying tissue.
3.3K
01:19Phase II Reactions: Miscellaneous Conjugation Reactions
90
Phase II biotransformations are detoxification mechanisms that conjugate xenobiotics with endogenous substances, neutralizing their toxicity.
A key example involves the conjugation of cyanide ions, which impair cellular respiration and alter hemoglobin into non-oxygen-carrying cyanmethemoglobin. To neutralize this threat, a sulfur atom from thiosulphate is transferred to the cyanide ion, catalyzed by the enzyme rhodanese, resulting in an inactive compound called thiocyanate. The production of...
A key example involves the conjugation of cyanide ions, which impair cellular respiration and alter hemoglobin into non-oxygen-carrying cyanmethemoglobin. To neutralize this threat, a sulfur atom from thiosulphate is transferred to the cyanide ion, catalyzed by the enzyme rhodanese, resulting in an inactive compound called thiocyanate. The production of...
90
01:30The Electron Transport Chain
17.0K
The electron transport chain or oxidative phosphorylation is an exothermic process in which free energy released during electron transfer reactions is coupled to ATP synthesis. This process is a significant source of energy in aerobic cells, and therefore inhibitors of the electron transport chain can be detrimental to the cell's metabolic processes.
Inhibitors of the electron transport chain
Rotenone, a widely used pesticide, prevents electron transfer from Fe-S cluster to ubiquinone or Q...
Inhibitors of the electron transport chain
Rotenone, a widely used pesticide, prevents electron transfer from Fe-S cluster to ubiquinone or Q...
17.0K
01:19Complexation Equilibria: The Chelate Effect
577
In complexation reactions, metal atoms or cations interact with ligands to form donor-acceptor adducts called metal complexes. Ligands that bind through one donor site are monodentate, ligands with two donor sites are bidentate, and those with more than two donor sites are polydentate ligands. For example, ethylene diamine is a bidentate ligand that binds through two nitrogen donor atoms, forming a five-membered ring. EDTA is a polydentate ligand that binds through four oxygen and two nitrogen...
577
01:11Aryldiazonium Salts to Azo Dyes: Diazo Coupling
3.0K
The reaction of weakly electrophilic aryldiazonium (also called arenediazonium) salts with highly activated aromatic compounds leads to the formation of products with an —N=N— link, called an azo linkage. This reaction, presented in Figure 1, is known as diazo coupling and occurs without the loss of the nitrogen atoms of the aryldiazonium salt. Highly activated aromatic compounds such as phenols or arylamines favor the diazo coupling reaction. The coupling generally occurs at the...
3.0K
02:52Stereoisomerism
12.3K
Isomerism in Complexes
Isomers are different chemical species that have the same chemical formula.
Transition metal complexes often exist as geometric isomers, in which the same atoms are connected through the same types of bonds but with differences in their orientation in space. Coordination complexes with two different ligands in the cis and trans positions from a ligand of interest form isomers. For example, the octahedral [Co(NH3)4Cl2]+ ion has two isomers (Figure 1) In the cis...
Isomers are different chemical species that have the same chemical formula.
Transition metal complexes often exist as geometric isomers, in which the same atoms are connected through the same types of bonds but with differences in their orientation in space. Coordination complexes with two different ligands in the cis and trans positions from a ligand of interest form isomers. For example, the octahedral [Co(NH3)4Cl2]+ ion has two isomers (Figure 1) In the cis...
12.3K