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Children at play often make suspensions such as mixtures of mud and water, flour and water, or a suspension of solid pigments in water known as tempera paint. These suspensions are heterogeneous mixtures composed of relatively large particles visible to the naked eye or seen with a magnifying glass. They are cloudy, and the suspended particles settle out after mixing. The suspended particles in a suspension settle out after some time of mixing. The separation of particles from a suspension is...
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Newtonian fluids exhibit a constant viscosity, meaning their shear stress and shear strain rate are directly proportional. This property ensures a predictable and stable response to applied forces, maintaining a linear relationship between force and flow. Examples include water, air, and light oils, consistently demonstrating this proportional behavior regardless of external conditions.
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In analyzing a thin-walled hollow shaft subjected to torsional loading, a segment with width dx is isolated for examination. Despite its equilibrium state, this segment faces torsional shearing forces at its ends. These forces are quantitatively described by the product of the longitudinal shearing stress on the segment's minor surface and the area of this surface, leading to the concept of shear flow. This shear flow is consistent throughout the structure, indicating a uniform distribution...
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Consider a scenario where a circular shaft is subject to torque that remains within the boundaries of Hooke's Law, avoiding any permanent deformation. So, the formula for shearing strain is revisited. This formula is multiplied by the modulus of rigidity, and then Hooke's Law for the shearing stress and strain is applied. As a result, the equation for shearing stress in a shaft can be derived.
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Rheology of Dense Suspensions under Shear Rotation.

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Dense non-Brownian suspensions show a sudden viscosity drop when shear direction changes. This study reveals how shear rotations affect stress, with results depending on particle concentration and rotation angle.

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Area of Science:

  • Rheology
  • Soft Matter Physics
  • Fluid Dynamics

Background:

  • Dense non-Brownian suspensions exhibit shear-thinning behavior.
  • Sudden changes in shear direction cause abrupt viscosity drops.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To experimentally investigate the response of dense non-Brownian suspensions to shear rotations.
  • To quantify orthogonal shear stress under varying rotation angles and solid volume fractions.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a novel experimental setup with a biaxial force sensor.
  • Performed systematic shear rotation experiments.
  • Employed particle-based numerical simulations and a constitutive model for validation.

Main Results:

  • Confirmed a generic transient decrease in shear resistance during unsteady conditions.
  • Observed non-negligible orthogonal shear stress with significant dependence on rotation angle (θ).
  • Discovered that orthogonal stress qualitatively changes with solid volume fraction (ϕ), influencing flow direction.

Conclusions:

  • Orthogonal shear stress is a key factor in suspension rheology under rotational shear.
  • The interplay between hydrodynamic and contact stresses, dependent on ϕ, governs the observed phenomena.
  • Findings provide insights into the complex flow behavior of dense suspensions.