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Related Concept Videos

Muscles of the Shoulder01:23

Muscles of the Shoulder

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The muscles surrounding the shoulder girdle, including the clavicle and scapula, primarily stabilize the scapula. This stable base allows other muscles to move the humerus effectively. Scapular movements often mirror those of the humerus and extend its range of motion. For instance, raising the arm above the head would not be feasible without simultaneous upward rotation of the scapula.
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Managing flail chest, a condition characterized by a segment of the chest wall moving independently from the rest of the thoracic cage, requires a comprehensive approach. It includes a thorough assessment of the patient's condition, a diagnostic evaluation to determine the extent of the injury, and the implementation of appropriate medical interventions tailored to the individual's needs.
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Muscles that Move the Arm01:31

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Nine muscles are involved in arm movements. Two of these, the pectoralis major and latissimus dorsi, originate from the axial skeleton and are called axial muscles. The other seven originate from the scapula and are called the scapular muscles.
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Muscles that Move the Head01:19

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The muscles that move the head are a dynamic and complex group of structures that work together to facilitate a wide range of head movements, including rotation, flexion, extension, and lateral bending.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 4, 2025

Measurement of Dynamic Scapular Kinematics Using an Acromion Marker Cluster to Minimize Skin Movement Artifact
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Managing Scapular Dyskinesis.

W Ben Kibler1, John William Lockhart2, Robin Cromwell2

  • 1Shoulder Center of Kentucky, Lexington Clinic, 1221 South Broadway, Lexington, KY 40504, USA.

Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinics of North America
|April 1, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Scapular dyskinesis, a common shoulder injury factor, requires comprehensive evaluation. Integrated rehabilitation addressing mobility, strength, and motor control holistically is most effective for shoulder health.

Keywords:
Kinetic chainMotor controlRehabilitationScapula

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopedics
  • Sports Medicine
  • Physical Therapy

Background:

  • Scapular dyskinesis frequently accompanies shoulder injuries, impacting optimal scapular positioning and movement.
  • Effective treatment necessitates understanding the underlying causes of scapular dysfunction.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the importance of a comprehensive evaluation for identifying factors contributing to scapular dyskinesis.
  • To advocate for an integrated rehabilitation approach for shoulder injuries.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive evaluation of scapular position and motion.
  • Assessment of the integrated relationship between the scapula, humerus, trunk, and legs.
  • Development of rehabilitation programs focusing on mobility, strength, and motor control.

Main Results:

  • Scapular dyskinesis is a prevalent issue linked to shoulder injury.
  • A holistic approach considering the entire kinetic chain is crucial for effective rehabilitation.
  • Integrated programs addressing multiple deficits yield better outcomes than isolated interventions.

Conclusions:

  • Integrated rehabilitation, not focusing on a single deficit, is key for managing scapular dyskinesis.
  • Rehabilitation programs should encompass mobility, strength, and motor control.
  • A systems-based approach optimizes recovery from shoulder injuries involving scapular dysfunction.