Related Experiment Video
Updated: Aug 4, 2025
11:31
High-Efficiency Generation of Antigen-Specific Primary Mouse Cytotoxic T Cells for Functional Testing in an Autoimmune Diabetes Model
Published on: August 16, 2019
8.0K
Teplizumab: type 1 diabetes mellitus preventable?
Saurav Misra1, Ajay Kumar Shukla2
1Department of Pharmacology, Kalpana Chawla Government Medical College, Karnal, Haryana, India. saurav181087@gmail.com.
European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology
|April 2, 2023
Summary
Teplizumab, a new drug, offers hope for preventing Type 1 diabetes by protecting pancreatic beta cells from immune attack. This treatment shows promise in individuals at high risk, potentially delaying or preventing disease onset.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Endocrinology
- Pharmacology
Background:
- Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is an autoimmune disease targeting pancreatic beta cells, common in children.
- T1DM affects 5-10% of diabetes cases, impacting millions globally.
- Current treatments focus on managing hyperglycemia, but immunological interventions aim to halt disease progression.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review preclinical and clinical research on teplizumab for new-onset Type 1 diabetes mellitus.
- To evaluate teplizumab's efficacy in preserving beta-cell function and preventing T1DM.
- To assess the safety and tolerability profile of teplizumab in at-risk populations.
Main Methods:
- Review of preclinical studies investigating teplizumab's mechanism of action.
- Analysis of clinical trials assessing teplizumab's impact on immune markers and glucose metabolism.
- Examination of adverse event data from teplizumab treatment regimens.
Main Results:
- Teplizumab is a novel drug approved for T1DM treatment, targeting at-risk individuals.
- A 14-day infusion of teplizumab inhibits T-cell mediated attack on pancreatic beta cells.
- Reported adverse events associated with teplizumab are generally mild and transient.
Conclusions:
- Teplizumab represents a significant advancement in the immunological treatment of Type 1 diabetes.
- The drug shows potential in preventing or delaying T1DM onset by preserving beta-cell function.
- Further research and clinical application of teplizumab are warranted for T1DM prevention strategies.
Related Concept Videos
01:22Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational
2.6K
Type 2 diabetes, characterized by insulin resistance, arises when the insulin receptors on cells lose responsiveness to insulin, diminishing the cell's capacity to take up glucose, resulting in elevated blood glucose levels. To receive a diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes, a series of blood glucose tests are necessary to assess whether the blood glucose falls within normal parameters. If the result is out of the normal range, a patient may be diagnosed as prediabetic or diabetic, depending on the...
2.6K
01:22Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype
2.8K
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by high blood glucose levels due to inadequate insulin production, insulin resistance, or both. The condition affects millions worldwide and can significantly impact their health and quality of life.
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. As a result, the body is unable to produce sufficient insulin, and individuals with...
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. As a result, the body is unable to produce sufficient insulin, and individuals with...
2.8K
01:26Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: Biguanides and Glitazones
248
Biguanides, particularly metformin (Glucophage), are insulin sensitizers that enhance glucose uptake, thereby reducing insulin resistance. Unlike sulfonylureas, metformin doesn't prompt insulin secretion, which helps to curb hypoglycemia risk. Metformin is beneficial in treating conditions like polycystic ovary syndrome due to its insulin-resistance reduction capability. The drug's primary action involves curtailing hepatic gluconeogenesis, a significant contributor to high blood...
248
01:15Diabetes: Management and Pharmacotherapy
322
The therapy for diabetes aims to alleviate hyperglycemia-related symptoms, prevent acute metabolic decompensation, and reduce chronic end-organ complications. Glycemic control is evaluated through short-term (self-monitoring, continuous glucose monitoring) and long-term (A1c, fructosamine) metrics, enabling near real-time tracking of blood glucose levels and reflecting glycemic control over specific time frames.
Insulin remains the cornerstone of treatment for most patients with type 1 and many...
Insulin remains the cornerstone of treatment for most patients with type 1 and many...
322
01:23Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 Inhibitors
220
Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) is a serine protease widely distributed in the body. It's involved in the inactivation of GLP-1 and GIP hormones, which are crucial for insulin regulation. DPP-4 inhibitors, such as sitagliptin (Januvia), saxagliptin (Onglyza), linagliptin (Tradjenta), alogliptin (Nesina), and vildagliptin (Galvus), help increase the proportion of active GLP-1, enhancing insulin secretion. These inhibitors work by competitively binding to DPP-4. This binding causes a...
220
01:15Diabetes: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Complications
620
For most patients, experiencing several weeks of polyuria, polydipsia, fatigue, and significant weight loss may indicate the presence of diabetes. Furthermore, adults displaying the phenotypic appearance of type 2 diabetes (particularly those who are obese and not initially insulin-requiring), may have islet cell autoantibodies, suggesting autoimmune-mediated β cell destruction and a diagnosis of latent autoimmune diabetes of adults (LADA). The categorization of glucose homeostasis is...
620