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Related Concept Videos

Vesicular Tubular Clusters01:45

Vesicular Tubular Clusters

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After budding out from the ER membrane, some COPII vesicles lose their coat and fuse with one another to form larger vesicles and interconnected tubules called vesicular tubular clusters or VTCs. These clusters constitute a compartment at the ER-Golgi interface known as ERGIC (Endoplasmic Reticulum Golgi Intermediate Compartment). The ERGIC is a mobile membrane-bound cargo transport system that sorts proteins secreted from ER and delivers them to the Golgi.
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Vesicle budding is orchestrated by distinct cytosolic proteins such as adaptor proteins, coat proteins, and GTPases. To initiate vesicle budding, membrane-bending proteins containing crescent-shaped BAR domains bind to the lipid heads in the bilayer and distort the membrane to form a protein-coated vesicle bud. Adaptors proteins such as AP2 for clathrin-coated vesicles can nucleate on the deformed membrane. Finally, coat proteins such as clathrin or COPI and COPII assemble into a coat forming...
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Overview of Secretory Vesicles01:33

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Secretory vesicles, also known as dense core vesicles (DCVs), are membrane-bound vesicles that transport secretory proteins, such as hormones or neurotransmitters. Regulated secretory vesicles transport proteins from the trans-Golgi network to the exterior of the cell. Proteins present in regulated secretory vesicles are required to be rapidly exocytosed in large amounts upon a specific stimulus.
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Intralumenal Vesicles and Multivesicular Bodies01:38

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Intraluminal vesicles (ILVs) are small vesicles 50-80 nm in diameter formed during the maturation of early endosomes. A specialized endosome containing numerous ILVs is called a multivesicular body (MVB). ILVs contain internalized molecules such as antigens, nucleic acids, proteins, and metabolites. Some of these molecules are released from the MVBs inside exosomes and are transported to other cells. Other MVBs contain molecules that are retained in the ILVs and are later degraded within the...
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Fusion of Secretory Vesicles with the Plasma Membrane01:26

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Proteins and neurotransmitters in secretory vesicles can be released from a cell upon vesicle docking, priming, and fusion with the plasma membrane. Vesicles are docked and primed in preparation for the quick exocytosis of their contents in response to a stimulus. The fusion process is mainly carried out by a SNAP Receptor or SNARE complex, consisting of synaptobrevin, syntaxin-1, and SNAP-25.
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Once a transport vesicle has recognized its target organelle, the vesicular membrane needs to fuse with the target membrane to unload the cargo. Transmembrane proteins called SNAREs present on organelle membranes and their vesicles, mediate vesicle fusion.
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Phase Behavior of Charged Vesicles Under Symmetric and Asymmetric Solution Conditions Monitored with Fluorescence Microscopy
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Vesicle formation induced by thermal fluctuations.

Andreu F Gallen1, J Roberto Romero-Arias2, Rafael A Barrio3

  • 1Departament Fisica de la Materia Condensada, Universitat de Barcelona, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain. fdzgallen@gmail.com.

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Temperature promotes vesicle formation by influencing membrane geometry. This study reveals a phase transition in membrane behavior, driven by temperature and energy dynamics, facilitating vesicle creation across various shapes.

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Area of Science:

  • Biophysics
  • Materials Science
  • Physical Chemistry

Background:

  • Membrane fission and vesicle formation are crucial cellular processes.
  • Flat membrane geometries present challenges for initiating vesicle formation due to the lack of inherent curvature.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of temperature in promoting vesicle formation.
  • To model and understand the phase transitions involved in membrane vesiculation.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a membrane phase field model incorporating Gaussian curvature.
  • Analyzed energy dynamics and phase transitions under varying temperatures and material properties.

Main Results:

  • Identified a temperature-dependent phase transition between fluctuating and vesiculation states.
  • Found that Gaussian energy is a primary driver, with curvature energy also contributing.
  • Demonstrated that chemical potential can indicate system temperature.

Conclusions:

  • Temperature significantly influences spontaneous vesiculation, enabling it over a broader range of Gaussian modulus values.
  • The findings provide insights into membrane dynamics and the physical factors governing vesicle formation.