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Updated: Aug 4, 2025

A Preclinical Mouse Model of Osteosarcoma to Define the Extracellular Vesicle-mediated Communication Between Tumor and Mesenchymal Stem Cells
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Exosomes and osteosarcoma drug resistance.

Huichao Fu1, Yunjiao Wu2, Jianbai Chen1

  • 1Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China.

Frontiers in Oncology
|April 3, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Exosomes are implicated in osteosarcoma (OS) chemotherapy resistance by mediating drug efflux and carrying molecules that affect drug response. These nanoparticles also show promise for OS diagnosis and targeted nanomedicine-based treatment strategies.

Keywords:
biomarkersdrug resistanceexosomesosteosarcomatreatment

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Nanomedicine
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Osteosarcoma (OS) is a primary bone cancer with poor survival rates (<60%) due to multi-drug resistance and metastasis.
  • Current treatments face challenges from OS multi-drug resistance, necessitating novel therapeutic approaches.
  • Exosomes, small extracellular vesicles, are increasingly recognized for their roles in cancer progression and treatment resistance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the intricate relationship between exosomes and osteosarcoma chemotherapy resistance.
  • To discuss the potential of exosomes in osteosarcoma diagnosis and treatment.
  • To explore the future prospects of exosome-based nanomedicine for osteosarcoma therapy.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review on exosome function in osteosarcoma.
  • Analysis of exosome-mediated drug efflux mechanisms.
  • Evaluation of exosomal contents (miRNA, proteins) in relation to drug resistance.
  • Assessment of exosome-based nanocarrier applications in osteosarcoma treatment.

Main Results:

  • Exosomes contribute to osteosarcoma chemotherapy resistance by facilitating drug efflux and transporting regulatory molecules.
  • Exosomal miRNAs and proteins can influence the drug resistance of osteosarcoma cells.
  • Exosomes serve as potential biomarkers for osteosarcoma diagnosis due to their ability to reflect parent cell characteristics.
  • Exosomes exhibit properties suitable for nanomedicine, including targeted delivery and low toxicity, offering therapeutic potential.

Conclusions:

  • Exosomes play a dual role in osteosarcoma, contributing to chemotherapy resistance while offering new avenues for diagnosis and treatment.
  • Exosome-derived biomarkers and exosome-based nanocarriers represent promising strategies for improving osteosarcoma patient outcomes.
  • Further research into the mechanisms of exosome-mediated chemoresistance is crucial for developing effective therapeutic interventions.