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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 4, 2025

Continuous Hydrologic and Water Quality Monitoring of Vernal Ponds
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Low cost, LoRa based river water level data acquisition system.

Jason N Kabi1, Ciira Wa Maina1,2, Edwell T Mharakurwa2

  • 1Centre for Data Science and Artificial Intelligence, Dedan Kimathi University of Technology. P.O. BOX, PRIVATE BAG, 10143, Dedan Kimathi, Nyeri, Kenya.

Hardwarex
|April 3, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A new, low-cost river water level monitoring system was developed for effective data collection in developing regions. This system uses an ultrasonic sensor and LoRaWAN for accurate, wireless data transmission, aiding climate change impact analysis.

Keywords:
Sensor node deploymentSensor node power analysisWater level dataWireless sensor networks

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Hydrology
  • Sensor Technology

Background:

  • Climate change and catchment degradation disrupt river stage patterns, impacting water availability for ecosystems.
  • Existing river water level monitoring systems in developing countries are often bulky, expensive, and lack wireless data transmission.
  • Accurate river stage monitoring is crucial for understanding and quantifying environmental changes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and evaluate a cost-effective, compact, and wirelessly enabled river water level data acquisition system.
  • To improve the effectiveness, size, deployment design, and data transmission capabilities of existing monitoring systems.
  • To provide a practical solution for continuous river stage data collection in data-scarce regions.

Main Methods:

  • Designed a river water level sensor node using an ultrasonic sensor and a MultiTech mDot (ARM-Mbed) low-power RF module.
  • Implemented data transmission via LoRaWAN to a central server for data storage.
  • Utilized machine learning models for outlier detection and prediction to ensure data quality.
  • Deployed and tested the sensor nodes along River Muringato, Kenya, for 18 months of continuous data collection.

Main Results:

  • The developed system demonstrated practical and accurate data acquisition for river water level monitoring.
  • The system proved effective in continuous data collection over an extended period (18 months).
  • The simplified hardware and firmware facilitated easy development and deployment.

Conclusions:

  • The developed river water level monitoring system offers an effective, low-cost solution for data collection in developing countries.
  • The system's wireless data transmission and data quality control mechanisms are valuable for hydrological and environmental analysis.
  • This technology can significantly contribute to understanding the impacts of climate change and catchment degradation on river systems.