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Affect-Related Brain Activity and Adolescent Substance Use: A Systematic Review.

Stefanie F Gonçalves1, Mary Ryan1, Claire E Niehaus1

  • 1Department of Psychology, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia, 22030, United States.

Current Behavioral Neuroscience Reports
|April 3, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Adolescent substance use (SU) is linked to altered brain activity in key networks. Changes in how the brain processes rewards and negative emotions may predict SU initiation and severity.

Keywords:
adolescentaffectemotionfMRIrewardsubstance use

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Addiction Research

Background:

  • Adolescence is a critical period for substance use (SU) initiation and development of substance use disorder (SUD).
  • Understanding the neural underpinnings of affective processing in adolescents is crucial for identifying risk factors for SU.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and synthesize current research on brain activity during affective processing in relation to adolescent SU.
  • To examine neural responses to reward, negative emotional stimuli, and loss in the context of adolescent substance use.

Main Methods:

  • This review synthesizes findings from neuroimaging studies examining brain activity during affective tasks in adolescents.
  • Studies included in this review investigate neural correlates of reward, loss, and negative emotional stimuli in relation to SU initiation and SUD.

Main Results:

  • Altered neural activity in midcingulo-insular, frontoparietal, and other networks is associated with adolescent SU.
  • Increased striatal recruitment to positive stimuli correlates with SU initiation, while decreased recruitment is linked to SUD.
  • Adolescents with SU show altered midcingulo-insular network responses to negative affective stimuli, with potential sex differences.

Conclusions:

  • Affect-related neural activity is significantly altered in adolescents with SU.
  • Future longitudinal research is needed to establish causality and explore sex as a moderator of these neural risk factors.