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Related Concept Videos

Bacterial Phylum Cyanobacteria01:30

Bacterial Phylum Cyanobacteria

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Cyanobacteria are a diverse group of oxygenic, phototrophic bacteria that played a pivotal role in converting Earth’s atmosphere from anoxic to oxygen-rich billions of years ago. They exhibit remarkable morphological diversity, ranging from unicellular forms to filamentous types, with cell sizes varying between 0.5 μm and 100 μm. Cyanobacteria are classified into five groups: Chroococcales (unicellular, dividing by binary fission), Pleurocapsales (unicellular, dividing by...
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Anoxygenic Phototrophic Bacteria01:28

Anoxygenic Phototrophic Bacteria

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Anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria are a diverse group of microorganisms that perform photosynthesis without producing oxygen. They primarily include purple sulfur bacteria, purple nonsulfur bacteria, green sulfur bacteria, and green nonsulfur bacteria. These bacteria are classified into the Gammaproteobacteria, Alphaproteobacteria, Betaproteobacteria, Chlorobi, and Chloroflexi lineages, each with distinct physiological and ecological adaptations.Purple sulfur bacteria belong to the...
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Anoxygenic Photosynthesis01:30

Anoxygenic Photosynthesis

59
Anoxygenic photosynthesis is a phototrophic process that captures light energy to drive carbon fixation without producing molecular oxygen. Unlike oxygenic photosynthesis, which utilizes water as an electron donor and releases oxygen, anoxygenic phototrophs use alternative electron donors such as hydrogen sulfide (H₂S), elemental sulfur (S⁰), or thiosulfate (S₂O₃²⁻). This process is carried out by diverse groups of bacteria, including purple bacteria, green...
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Aldehydes and Ketones with HCN: Cyanohydrin Formation Overview01:32

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Cyanohydrins are compounds that contain –CN and –OH groups on the same carbon atom. They are formed by the nucleophilic addition of the cyanide ions to the carbonyl group. Cyanide ions are highly basic and nucleophilic and can be generated from HCN under aqueous conditions. However, since HCN is a weak acid, the number of cyanide ions generated is very small. Hence, a small amount of base or KCN/NaCN is added to HCN to increase the concentration of the cyanide ions in the reaction...
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Cytoskeletal Proteins in Bacteria01:29

Cytoskeletal Proteins in Bacteria

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Bacterial cells were initially considered simple, randomly organized structures lacking a cytoskeleton. However, the discovery of cytoskeleton homologs in bacteria led to the change of this opinion. Bacterial cytoskeletal filaments regulate the cell shape, cell polarity, cell division, and partitioning of plasmids during cell division. It was later discovered that bacterial cytoskeletal proteins, mainly actin and tubulin homologs, are diverse compared to their eukaryotic counterparts. On the...
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Aldehydes and Ketones with HCN: Cyanohydrin Formation Mechanism01:10

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Cyanohydrins are formed when cyanide nucleophiles and carbonyl compounds like aldehydes and ketones react. A strong base, the cyanide ion, catalyzes cyanohydrin formation. The ions are generated from HCN under aqueous conditions. Once the cyanide ions are generated, the first step involves the nucleophilic attack of the cyanide ions on the electrophilic carbonyl carbon. This attack shifts the π electrons from the C=O to the oxygen atom forming the alkoxide ion intermediate. The alkoxide anion...
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Updated: Aug 4, 2025

Generation of Marked and Markerless Mutants in Model Cyanobacterial Species
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Introduction to Cyanobacteria.

Pia Lindberg1, Amelie Kenkel2, Katja Bühler3

  • 1Department of Chemistry-Ångström, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.

Advances in Biochemical Engineering/Biotechnology
|April 3, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Cyanobacteria, microbes performing oxygenic photosynthesis, are explored as biocatalysts. This volume details their development into "solar cell factories" for chemical and fuel production via genetic engineering and optimized cultivation.

Keywords:
CyanobacteriaMetabolic engineeringPhotobioreactorsSolar cell factories

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Biotechnology
  • Photosynthesis

Background:

  • Cyanobacteria are photosynthetic microbes vital to ecosystems.
  • They possess significant potential as biocatalysts.
  • This volume focuses on their industrial applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an overview of cyanobacteria and their natural functions.
  • To introduce the concept of cyanobacteria as solar factories for chemical production.
  • To summarize genetic engineering and cultivation strategies for industrial use.

Main Methods:

  • Overview of cyanobacteria phylum and ecosystem functions.
  • Discussion of cyanobacteria as industrial workhorses and chassis strains.
  • Summary of genetic engineering for photosynthetic efficiency and carbon flux optimization.
  • Sketch of cultivation strategies.

Main Results:

  • Cyanobacteria are established as versatile platforms for chemical synthesis.
  • Various chassis strains and target products are identified.
  • Genetic engineering approaches enhance photosynthetic efficiency and carbon utilization.
  • Cultivation strategies are outlined for industrial scale-up.

Conclusions:

  • Cyanobacteria represent a promising sustainable platform for bio-based chemical and fuel production.
  • Further development in genetic engineering and cultivation will unlock their full potential.
  • Their role as industrial biocatalysts is expanding.