Intranasal (IN) COVID-19 vaccines - a breakthrough
Ramandeep Singh Gambhir1, Khushdeep Kaur2, Ridhi Matariya3
1Department of Public Health Dentistry, Rayat and Bahra Dental College and Hospital, Mohali, India.
Roczniki Panstwowego Zakladu Higieny
|April 3, 2023
Summary
Intranasal (IN) vaccines offer broader, longer-lasting protection against emerging COVID-19 variants compared to intramuscular (IM) vaccines. This review highlights recent IN vaccine developments, focusing on their safety and efficacy for future pandemic preparedness.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Vaccinology
- Infectious Diseases
Background:
- Emerging COVID-19 variants challenge the efficacy of current intramuscular (IM) vaccines targeting only the spike protein.
- Intranasal (IN) vaccination strategies are being developed to elicit both mucosal and systemic immunity for enhanced protection.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review recent advancements in IN vaccination for COVID-19.
- To examine the safety and efficacy profiles of emerging IN vaccine candidates.
- To discuss the potential of IN vaccines as a future strategy against viral contagious diseases.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of recent clinical trials and research on IN vaccine candidates.
- Analysis of data on immune responses (mucosal and systemic) induced by IN vaccines.
- Evaluation of safety and efficacy data for various IN vaccine platforms (e.g., virus-vectored, recombinant subunit, live attenuated).
Main Results:
- IN vaccines demonstrate potential for broader and more durable immune responses compared to IM vaccines.
- Several IN vaccine candidates are progressing through clinical trials, indicating future market availability.
- IN vaccination offers advantages for administration in diverse populations, including children.
Conclusions:
- Intranasal vaccination represents a promising approach to combat COVID-19 and future viral threats.
- Further research and clinical evaluation are crucial to establish the safety and efficacy of IN vaccines.
- IN vaccines could be a transformative tool in global public health for managing infectious diseases.
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