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Related Concept Videos

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Transcytosis of IgG

Transcytosis is the process in which molecules are internalized by endocytosis, transported across the cell, and released through exocytosis from the opposite end of the cell. Molecules such as insulin, immunoglobulins, and certain nutrients are transferred through the recycling endosomes by recycling and transcytosis.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 12, 2026

Reprogramming Primary Amniotic Fluid and Membrane Cells to Pluripotency in Xeno-free Conditions
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Meconium-stained amniotic fluid.

Dahiana M Gallo1, Roberto Romero2, Mariachiara Bosco3

  • 1Pregnancy Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, United States Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI; Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Universidad Del Valle, Cali, Colombia.

American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology
|April 3, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Meconium-stained amniotic fluid, a common obstetric hazard, can result from fetal defecation or bleeding. While often linked to fetal distress, intraamniotic infection is also a significant factor.

Keywords:
Soret bandbilirubin, biliverdindiscolored amniotic fluidfetal colonic content, fetal defecationgreen-stained amniotic fluidhypoxia, intraamniotic infectionintraamniotic inflammationmeconium aspiration syndromeplacenta histologyseizures

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Area of Science:

  • Obstetrics and Gynecology
  • Neonatal Medicine
  • Fetal Physiology

Background:

  • Meconium-stained amniotic fluid (MSAF) occurs in 5-20% of labors, increasing with gestational age.
  • Associated with fetal acidemia, respiratory distress, and cerebral palsy, but hypoxia isn't the sole cause.
  • Intraamniotic infection/inflammation is increasingly recognized as a factor in MSAF, linked to chorioamnionitis and neonatal sepsis.

Approach:

  • Review of existing literature and clinical trials on MSAF causes and management.
  • Analysis of factors contributing to MSAF, including fetal defecation, intraamniotic bleeding, and inflammation.
  • Evaluation of interventions such as antibiotics and amnioinfusion for MSAF complications.

Key Points:

  • MSAF can stem from fetal meconium, heme catabolic products, or both.
  • Intraamniotic inflammation, oxidative stress, and heme catabolism are implicated in MSAF.
  • Antibiotic administration may reduce clinical chorioamnionitis in MSAF cases.
  • Meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS) is a severe complication of MSAF, particularly in term newborns.
  • Routine suctioning is not beneficial; amnioinfusion may reduce MAS rates.

Conclusions:

  • MSAF is a complex obstetric condition with multifactorial causes.
  • Intraamniotic inflammation plays a crucial role, alongside fetal factors.
  • Current evidence supports amnioinfusion for MAS prevention and antibiotics for chorioamnionitis.
  • Further research is needed to fully elucidate MSAF mechanisms and optimize management.