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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 4, 2025

Using Cholesky Decomposition to Explore Individual Differences in Longitudinal Relations between Reading Skills

Using Cholesky Decomposition to Explore Individual Differences in Longitudinal Relations between Reading Skills

Published on: September 17, 2019

The effect of classroom environment on literacy development.

Gary Rance¹, Richard C Dowell², Dani Tomlin²

¹The University of Melbourne, Department of Audiology and Speech Pathology, Parkville, VIC, Australia. grance@unimelb.edu.au.

NPJ Science of Learning

|April 3, 2023

Summary

Children's reading skills improve more in enclosed classrooms than open-plan settings. This classroom design benefit was most significant for students with weaker attention or speech perception abilities.

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Area of Science:

Educational Psychology
Environmental Psychology
Child Development

Background:

Classroom physical environments significantly impact student health, well-being, and academic outcomes.
The distinction between open-plan and enclosed-plan classrooms is a key variable in educational settings.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the impact of classroom physical environment on academic progress in children aged 7-10 years.
To compare reading development in open-plan versus enclosed-plan classroom settings.

Main Methods:

A within-child study design was employed, alternating between open-plan and enclosed-plan classroom environments term-by-term.
196 students were assessed at baseline, with 146 completing follow-up assessments after 3 school terms.
Reading fluency, cognitive skills, and auditory processing were assessed to measure academic progress.

Main Results:

Students demonstrated significantly greater reading fluency development in enclosed-plan classrooms compared to open-plan settings (P < 0.001).
The positive effect of enclosed classrooms was more pronounced in students with poorer attention skills or speech perception in noise.
Reading development gains were measured as an increase in words read per minute.

Conclusions:

Classroom physical setting is a critical factor influencing the academic development of young students.
Enclosed classroom environments appear more conducive to reading development, particularly for students with specific auditory or attention-related challenges.
Optimizing classroom design can support educational progress and address learning disparities.