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Related Concept Videos

Membrane Fluidity01:26

Membrane Fluidity

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Membrane fluidity is explained by the fluid mosaic model of the cell membrane, which describes the plasma membrane structure as a mosaic of components—including phospholipids, cholesterol, proteins, and carbohydrates—that gives the membrane a fluid character.
Mosaic nature of the membrane
The mosaic characteristic of the membrane helps the plasma membrane remain fluid. The integral proteins and lipids exist as separate but loosely-attached molecules in the membrane. The membrane is...
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Mechanisms of Membrane Domain Formation00:59

Mechanisms of Membrane Domain Formation

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Different physical properties of lipids and proteins allow them to localize and form distinct islands or domains in the membrane. Some membrane domains are formed due to protein-protein interactions, whereas others are formed due to the presence of specific lipids such as sphingolipids and sterols—for example, large proteins, such as bacteriorhodopsin, aggregate and create distinct domains.
Another mechanism for membrane domain formation involves membrane proteins interacting with...
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Mechanisms of Membrane-bending01:15

Mechanisms of Membrane-bending

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The living membranes are flexible due to their fluid mosaic nature; however, their bending into different shapes is an active process regulated by specific lipids and proteins. The membrane bending can be transient as seen in vesicles or stable for a long time as in microvilli. Cells regulate the size, location, and duration of the membrane curvature.
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Protein Diffusion in the Membrane01:24

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Proteins show rotational as well as lateral diffusion across the membrane. The lateral diffusion of proteins was confirmed through the cell fusion experiment where mouse and human cells were fused, resulting in hybrid cells. When the human and mouse cells fused, the specific membrane proteins on human and mouse cells were marked with the red and green-fluorescent markers, respectively. Initially, the red and green fluorescence was located on the respective hemisphere of the cell. As time...
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Introduction to Membrane Proteins01:16

Introduction to Membrane Proteins

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The cell membrane, or plasma membrane, is an ever-changing landscape. It is described as a fluid mosaic where various macromolecules are embedded in the phospholipid bilayer. Among the macromolecules are proteins. The protein content varies across cell types. For example, mitochondrial inner membranes contain ~76% protein content, while myelin contains ~18% protein content. Individual cells contain many types of membrane proteins—red blood cells contain over 50—and different cell...
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Fluid Mosaic Model01:19

Fluid Mosaic Model

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Scientists identified the plasma membrane in the 1890s and its principal chemical components (lipids and proteins) by 1915. The model for plasma membrane structure, proposed in 1935 by Hugh Davson and James Danielli, was the first model to be widely accepted in the scientific community. The model was based on the plasma membrane's "railroad track" appearance in early electron micrographs. Davson and Danielli theorized that the plasma membrane's structure resembled a sandwich...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 4, 2025

Author Spotlight: Advancing Cell Membrane Biophysics - Exploring Interactions and Challenges Through Experimental and Computational Approaches
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CHARMM-GUI Membrane Builder: Past, Current, and Future Developments and Applications.

Shasha Feng1, Soohyung Park1, Yeol Kyo Choi1

  • 1Departments of Biological Sciences and Chemistry, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States.

Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation
|April 4, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

CHARMM-GUI Membrane Builder simplifies creating complex membrane simulations for drug discovery and biophysics research. This tool aids in understanding membrane protein dynamics and interactions at the nanoscale.

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Area of Science:

  • Biophysics
  • Computational Chemistry
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Molecular dynamics simulations offer insights into membrane and membrane protein behavior.
  • Understanding drug interactions with membrane proteins is crucial for drug development.
  • Complex membrane assembly generation is a significant challenge in simulations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the capabilities of CHARMM-GUI Membrane Builder for current research needs.
  • To showcase application examples from the CHARMM-GUI user community.
  • To provide insights into future development of Membrane Builder.

Main Methods:

  • Review of CHARMM-GUI Membrane Builder functionalities.
  • Analysis of user-submitted application examples.
  • Discussion of emerging research demands in membrane simulations.

Main Results:

  • CHARMM-GUI Membrane Builder addresses challenges in generating complex membrane assemblies.
  • The tool facilitates studies in membrane biophysics, drug binding, and protein-lipid interactions.
  • User applications span diverse areas including nano-bio interfaces.

Conclusions:

  • CHARMM-GUI Membrane Builder is a valuable tool for advanced membrane simulations.
  • Its capabilities support critical research in drug discovery and understanding biological membranes.
  • Future development will further enhance its utility for complex biomolecular systems.