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Visual System01:26

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Light enters the eye through the cornea, a transparent, dome-shaped surface covering the surface of the eyeball that helps to direct and focus incoming light. This light is then channeled toward the pupil, an adjustable opening whose size is controlled by the iris. The iris, a pigmented muscle, regulates the amount of light entering the eye by contracting or dilating the pupil, thereby ensuring optimal light levels for clear vision.
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The representative heuristic describes a biased way of thinking, in which you unintentionally stereotype someone or something. For example, you may assume that your professors spend their free time reading books and engaging in intellectual conversation, because the idea of them spending their time playing volleyball or visiting an amusement park does not fit in with your stereotypes of professors.
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Information enters the brain through encoding, which is the input of information into the memory system. Once sensory information is received from the environment, the brain labels or codes it. The information is then organized with similar information and connected to existing concepts. Encoding occurs through automatic processing and effortful processing.
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Vision is the result of light being detected and transduced into neural signals by the retina of the eye. This information is then further analyzed and interpreted by the brain. First, light enters the front of the eye and is focused by the cornea and lens onto the retina—a thin sheet of neural tissue lining the back of the eye. Because of refraction through the convex lens of the eye, images are projected onto the retina upside-down and reversed.
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Gestalt psychology, founded by Max Wertheimer, Kurt Koffka, and Wolfgang Kohler, emphasizes the importance of understanding perception as an organized whole. Developed as a counter to Wilhelm Wundt's structuralism, this approach posits that our perceptions are more than just the sum of sensory parts; they are comprehensive wholes where the relationships between parts define the perception. The principle "The whole is greater than the sum of its parts" encapsulates this view,...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 4, 2025

Group Synchronization During Collaborative Drawing Using Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy
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Knowledge-Enriched Attention Network With Group-Wise Semantic for Visual Storytelling.

Tengpeng Li, Hanli Wang, Bin He

    IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
    |April 4, 2023
    PubMed
    Summary

    This study introduces a new knowledge-enriched attention network for visual storytelling, improving story coherence by incorporating external knowledge and group-wise semantics for more imaginative and fluent narratives.

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    Area of Science:

    • Artificial Intelligence
    • Computer Vision
    • Natural Language Processing

    Background:

    • Visual storytelling is challenging due to limitations in existing methods that focus on explicit image content.
    • Current approaches struggle to capture implicit information and holistic dependencies, leading to rigid and incoherent stories.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop an advanced visual storytelling model capable of generating more imaginative, coherent, and fluent narratives.
    • To address the limitations of existing methods in extracting implicit information and maintaining narrative consistency.

    Main Methods:

    • A novel knowledge-enriched attention network to extract implicit concepts from external knowledge systems.
    • A cascade cross-modal attention mechanism for imaginative and concrete representations.
    • A group-wise semantic module with second-order pooling for global consistency.
    • A unified one-stage encoder-decoder model for end-to-end training and inference.

    Main Results:

    • The proposed model significantly outperforms state-of-the-art methods in visual storytelling.
    • Experiments demonstrate superior performance based on both objective and subjective evaluation metrics.
    • The knowledge-enriched attention and group-wise semantic modules contribute to improved narrative quality.

    Conclusions:

    • The novel knowledge-enriched attention network and group-wise semantic model enhance visual storytelling capabilities.
    • The end-to-end trained model generates more reasonable and fluent stories by leveraging implicit information.
    • This approach represents a significant advancement in the field of automated visual storytelling.