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Bronchiolitis, Regardless of Its Etiology and Severity, Is Associated With Increased Risk of Asthma: A
Cintia Muñoz-Quiles1,2, Mónica López-Lacort1,2, Javier Díez-Domingo1,2,3
1Vaccines Research Unit, Fundación para el Fomento de la Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de la Comunitat Valenciana, FISABIO-Public Health.
Abstract:
An association exists between severe respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)-bronchiolitis and a subsequent increased risk of recurrent wheezing (RW) and asthma. However, a causal relationship remains unproven. Using a retrospective population-based cohort study (339 814 children), bronchiolitis during the first 2 years of life (regardless of etiology and severity) was associated with at least a 3-fold increased risk of RW/asthma at 2-4 years and an increased prevalence of asthma at ≥5 years of age. The risk was similar in children with mild bronchiolitis as in those with hospitalized RSV-bronchiolitis and was higher in children with hospitalized non-RSV-bronchiolitis. The rate of RW/asthma was higher when bronchiolitis occurred after the first 6 months of life. Our results seem to support the hypothesis of a shared predisposition to bronchiolitis (irrespective of etiology) and RW/asthma. However, 60% of hospitalized bronchiolitis cases in our setting are due to RSV, which should be paramount in decision-making on imminent RSV prevention strategies.
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