Development and application of a specific radioimmunoassay for trifluoperazine N4'-oxide to a kinetic study in humans

A hapten derivative of prochlorperazine N4'-oxide, 7-(3-carboxy-propionyl)-prochlorperazine N4'-oxide, was synthesized and coupled to bovine serum albumin. Immunization of New Zealand White rabbits with this conjugate generated antibodies which were utilized to develop a radioimmunoassay (RIA) for the quantitation of trifluoperazine N4'-oxide (TFPNO). This assay enabled for the first time the quantitation of TFPNO in plasma, and 20 pg can be measured in a 200-microliter plasma sample with a coefficient of variation less than 5%. Statistically, indistinguishable results were obtained by the assay procedure with or without the selective extraction of TFPNO, and also in the presence or absence of an excess of trifluoperazine (TFP) and other major metabolites, such as trifluoperazine sulfoxide and 7-hydroxytrifluoperazine. This RIA and a previously reported RIA for TFP were used to directly determine plasma concentrations of TFP and TFPNO after administration of a single 5-mg p.o. dose of TFP to six healthy male volunteers. The mean +/- S.D. for the peak concentration, time to peak concentration, area under the curve from 0 to 72 hr and the elimination T1/2 for the terminal portion of the plasma concentration vs. time curve for TFPNO were found to be 3.7 +/- 0.7 ng/ml, 3.2 +/- 0.4 hr, 51.1 +/- 9.8 ng X hr/ml and 26.9 +/- 14.0 hr, respectively, whereas the corresponding values for TFP were found to be 2.7 +/- 0.7, 3.1 +/- 0.8, 42.2 +/- 6.9 and 21.9 +/- 6.5, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)