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Rubella in Poland in 2020.

Joanna Bogusz1, Ewa Augustynowicz1, Iwona Paradowska-Stankiewicz1

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Summary

Poland saw a significant decrease in rubella cases in 2020, with incidence dropping to 0.26 per 100,000. However, most cases lacked laboratory confirmation, raising concerns about accurate diagnosis in the rubella eradication program.

Keywords:
2020MMR vaccinePolandepidemiologyrubellavaccination status

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Area of Science:

  • Epidemiology
  • Public Health
  • Infectious Disease Control

Background:

  • Rubella eradication is a global goal coordinated by the World Health Organization (WHO) since 2005.
  • Achieving rubella elimination requires at least 95% immunization coverage and robust epidemiological surveillance.
  • Monitoring includes recording suspected cases and laboratory confirmation by a WHO Reference Laboratory.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the epidemiological situation of rubella in Poland in 2020.
  • To evaluate rubella vaccination status within the population.
  • To determine the progress of Poland's rubella elimination program according to WHO guidelines.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of aggregated reports of suspected rubella cases from Voivodeship Sanitary and Epidemiological Stations.
  • Utilized data from the "Infectious diseases and poisoning in Poland in 2020" bulletin.
  • Incorporated data from the Epibaza system and the "Preventive vaccination in Poland in 2020" bulletin.

Main Results:

  • A total of 98 rubella cases were registered in 2020, a decrease from 285 cases in 2019.
  • The incidence rate fell to 0.26 per 100,000 population, down from 0.74 per 100,000 in 2019.
  • The highest incidence was observed in the 0-4 age group (2.98 per 100,000); no congenital rubella syndrome cases were reported. Only 1.02% of cases were laboratory-confirmed, with 98.98% diagnosed clinically.

Conclusions:

  • Poland experienced a reduction in rubella cases in 2020.
  • The majority of rubella diagnoses (99%) were based on clinical symptoms, not laboratory confirmation.
  • This reliance on clinical diagnosis suggests potential misclassification of other rash illnesses as rubella, impacting eradication efforts.