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Mumps in Poland in 2020
Joanna Bogusz1, Iwona Paradowska-Stankiewicz1
1National Institute of Public Health NIH - National Research Institute, Department of Epidemiology of Infectious Diseases and Surveillance.
Introduction:
Mumps is an acute, generalized viral disease whose source of infection is the infected person. In 2003, vaccination against mumps became compulsory in Poland, performed according to a twodose scheme. The combined MMR vaccine (against measles, mumps and rubella) was introduced as part of the Protective Vaccination Program (PVP), which influenced the number of cases in Poland.
Aim:
The aim of the study was to evaluate the epidemiological indicators of mumps in Poland in 2020 compared to previous years.
Methods:
The analysis of the epidemiological situation of mumps in Poland in 2020 was based on the interpretation of data from the bulletin "Infectious diseases and poisonings in Poland in 2020" and "Vaccinations in Poland in 2020".
Results:
In 2020, 582 cases of mumps were registered in Poland. The total incidence was 1.5 per 100,000 inhabitants and was lower compared to 2019. The highest incidence was 2.0 per 100,000 inhabitants were registered in the Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship and the lowest - 0.7 in the Dolnośląskie Voivodeship. The highest incidence (24.6/100,000) was recorded in children aged 5-9 years. The incidence of men (1.8/100,000) was higher than that of women (1.2/100,000). In 2020, 6 patients were hospitalized in Poland due to mumps, which was less than in 2019 (22 patients). The level of vaccination against mumps in children aged 3 was lower by 0.7 percentage points compared to 2019 and amounted to 91.9% across Poland.
Conclusions:
In 2020, there was a decrease in the number of mumps cases compared to the previous year. The lower incidence may have been the result of a reduction in mumps virus transmission due to a change in population health behavior during the COVID-19 pandemic. Due to the epidemiological threat, the functioning of nurseries, kindergartens and schools was also temporarily suspended, which resulted in a reduction in the incidence of mumps in younger age groups, which are the main group of patients.
Insights
Mumps cases decreased in Poland in 2020 due to pandemic-related behavior changes and school closures. This led to lower incidence, particularly in children, despite a slight dip in vaccination rates.
Area of Science:
- Epidemiology
- Public Health
- Infectious Diseases
Background:
- Mumps is a contagious viral illness. Poland implemented compulsory two-dose MMR vaccination in 2003, impacting case numbers.
- The study examines mumps epidemiology in Poland, a country with a national vaccination program.
Purpose of the Study:
- To analyze and compare mumps epidemiological indicators in Poland for 2020 against previous years.
- To assess the impact of public health measures and vaccination on mumps incidence.
Main Methods:
- Analysis of national data from "Infectious diseases and poisonings in Poland in 2020" and "Vaccinations in Poland in 2020" bulletins.
- Epidemiological indicator assessment, including incidence rates by age, sex, and region.
Main Results:
- Poland reported 582 mumps cases in 2020, with an incidence of 1.5/100,000 population, a decrease from 2019.
- Highest incidence occurred in children aged 5-9 years (24.6/100,000); men had higher incidence (1.8/100,000) than women (1.2/100,000).
- Hospitalizations decreased to 6 in 2020 from 22 in 2019; mumps vaccination coverage in 3-year-olds was 91.9%.
Conclusions:
- A decline in mumps cases in 2020 was observed, potentially linked to altered population behavior during the COVID-19 pandemic.
- Temporary suspension of educational institutions likely reduced transmission among children, the primary affected group.
- Continued surveillance and vaccination efforts remain crucial for mumps control.
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