Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

¹H NMR: Long-Range Coupling01:27

¹H NMR: Long-Range Coupling

1.9K
The coupling interactions of nuclei across four or more bonds are usually weak, with J values less than 1 Hz. While these are usually not observed in spectra, the presence of multiple bonds along the coupling pathway can result in observable long-range coupling.
In alkenes, spin information is communicated via σ–π overlap, as seen in allylic (four-bond) and homoallylic (five-bond) couplings. These coupling interactions are stronger when the σ bond is parallel to the alkene...
1.9K
Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview01:08

Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview

971
In bromoethane, the three methyl protons are coupled to the two methylene protons that are three bonds away. In accordance with the n+1 rule, the signal from the methyl protons is split into three peaks with 1:2:1 relative intensities. The methylene protons appear as a quartet, with the relative intensities of 1:3:3:1.
Qualitatively, any spin plus-half nucleus polarizes the spins of its electrons to the minus-half state. Consequently, the paired electron in the hydrogen–carbon bond must...
971
¹H NMR: Interpreting Distorted and Overlapping Signals01:02

¹H NMR: Interpreting Distorted and Overlapping Signals

1.1K
Spin systems where the difference in chemical shifts of the coupled nuclei is greater than ten times J are called first-order spin systems. These nuclei are weakly coupled, and their chemical shifts and coupling constant can generally be estimated from the well-separated signals in the spectrum.
As Δν decreases and the signals move closer, the doublets appear increasingly distorted. The intensities of the inner lines increase at the cost of those of the outer lines as the signals are...
1.1K
IR Spectroscopy: Molecular Vibration Overview01:24

IR Spectroscopy: Molecular Vibration Overview

2.5K
When Infrared (IR) radiation passes through a covalently bonded molecule, the bonds transition from lower to higher vibrational levels. The fundamental vibrational motions that result in infrared absorption can be classified as stretching or bending vibrations.
Stretching vibrations are vibrational motions that occur along the bond line, changing the bond length or distance between two bonded atoms. They are further distinguished as symmetric or asymmetric. In symmetric stretching, the...
2.5K
IR Spectroscopy: Hooke's Law Approximation of Molecular Vibration01:16

IR Spectroscopy: Hooke's Law Approximation of Molecular Vibration

1.4K
A covalently bonded heteronuclear diatomic molecule can be modeled as two vibrating masses connected by a spring. The vibrational frequency of the bond can be expressed using an equation derived from Hooke's law, which describes how the force applied to stretch or compress a spring is proportional to the displacement of the spring. In this case, the atoms behave like masses, and the bond acts like a spring.
According to Hooke's law, the vibrational frequency is directly proportional to...
1.4K
Spin–Spin Coupling: Three-Bond Coupling (Vicinal Coupling)01:22

Spin–Spin Coupling: Three-Bond Coupling (Vicinal Coupling)

1.1K
Vicinal or three-bond coupling is commonly observed between protons attached to adjacent carbons. Here, nuclear spin information is primarily transferred via electron spin interactions between adjacent C‑H bond orbitals. This generally favors the antiparallel arrangement of spins, so 3J values are usually positive.
The extent of coupling depends on the C‑C bond length, the two H‑C‑C angles, any electron-withdrawing substituents, and the dihedral angle between the...
1.1K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Resonant cavity interband cascade light-emitting devices operating beyond 4 µm with high spectral intensity.

Optics express·2026
Same author

Theoretical optimization of mid-infrared interband cascade lasers for amplitude modulated frequency comb generation.

Optics express·2026
Same author

Sodium versus Lithium: How Solvation Improves Battery Behavior.

ACS applied materials & interfaces·2026
Same author

Transition of Structurally Distinct Amyloids in the Degradation of Protein Materials.

The journal of physical chemistry. B·2025
Same author

Direct Frequency Comb Cavity Ring-Down Spectroscopy Using Vernier Filtering.

The journal of physical chemistry. A·2025
Same author

Revisiting cavity-coupled 2DIR: A classical approach implicates reservoir modes.

The Journal of chemical physics·2024

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 4, 2025

Measurement of Ultrafast Vibrational Coherences in Polyatomic Radical Cations with Strong-Field Adiabatic Ionization
08:22

Measurement of Ultrafast Vibrational Coherences in Polyatomic Radical Cations with Strong-Field Adiabatic Ionization

Published on: August 6, 2018

6.9K

Control, Modulation, and Analytical Descriptions of Vibrational Strong Coupling.

Blake S Simpkins1, Adam D Dunkelberger1, Igor Vurgaftman2

  • 1Chemistry Division, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D.C. 20375, United States.

Chemical Reviews
|April 5, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This review explores vibrational strong coupling (VSC) using diverse optical cavities and theoretical models. It highlights advancements in understanding VSC dynamics and its quantum optical descriptions for novel applications.

More Related Videos

ARL Spectral Fitting as an Application to Augment Spectral Data via Franck-Condon Lineshape Analysis and Color Analysis
07:11

ARL Spectral Fitting as an Application to Augment Spectral Data via Franck-Condon Lineshape Analysis and Color Analysis

Published on: August 19, 2021

2.6K
Vibrational Spectra of a N719-Chromophore/Titania Interface from Empirical-Potential Molecular-Dynamics Simulation, Solvated by a Room Temperature Ionic Liquid
08:54

Vibrational Spectra of a N719-Chromophore/Titania Interface from Empirical-Potential Molecular-Dynamics Simulation, Solvated by a Room Temperature Ionic Liquid

Published on: January 25, 2020

5.7K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Aug 4, 2025

Measurement of Ultrafast Vibrational Coherences in Polyatomic Radical Cations with Strong-Field Adiabatic Ionization
08:22

Measurement of Ultrafast Vibrational Coherences in Polyatomic Radical Cations with Strong-Field Adiabatic Ionization

Published on: August 6, 2018

6.9K
ARL Spectral Fitting as an Application to Augment Spectral Data via Franck-Condon Lineshape Analysis and Color Analysis
07:11

ARL Spectral Fitting as an Application to Augment Spectral Data via Franck-Condon Lineshape Analysis and Color Analysis

Published on: August 19, 2021

2.6K
Vibrational Spectra of a N719-Chromophore/Titania Interface from Empirical-Potential Molecular-Dynamics Simulation, Solvated by a Room Temperature Ionic Liquid
08:54

Vibrational Spectra of a N719-Chromophore/Titania Interface from Empirical-Potential Molecular-Dynamics Simulation, Solvated by a Room Temperature Ionic Liquid

Published on: January 25, 2020

5.7K

Area of Science:

  • Cavity Quantum Electrodynamics
  • Materials Science
  • Spectroscopy

Background:

  • Vibrational strong coupling (VSC) is a phenomenon where molecular vibrations interact strongly with optical cavities, forming hybrid light-matter states known as polaritons.
  • Traditional Fabry-Perot cavities are widely used, but alternative nanostructured cavities offer unique advantages for VSC research.
  • Understanding the nonlinear and modulated responses of VSC systems is crucial for controlling and utilizing these hybrid states.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive review of optical cavity designs for VSC experiments.
  • To discuss transient and modulated responses of VSC systems using advanced spectroscopic techniques.
  • To evaluate theoretical models for describing the physics and chemistry of VSC, including quantum optical approaches.

Main Methods:

  • Review of various optical cavity designs: planar Fabry-Perot, plasmonic/phononic nanostructures, dielectric cavities.
  • Analysis of nonlinear responses via transient pump-probe and 2D-IR spectroscopy.
  • Examination of modulation techniques including ultrafast pulses and electrochemistry.
  • Evaluation of theoretical approaches: eigenmode solutions, transfer-matrix methods, and quantum optical methods.

Main Results:

  • Discussion of advantages of diverse cavity designs beyond Fabry-Perot cavities for VSC.
  • Progress and controversy in assigning spectral features observed in transient VSC experiments.
  • Overview of modulation effects on VSC systems.
  • Critical evaluation of theoretical models' applicability to current VSC research.

Conclusions:

  • Diverse optical cavities offer unique advantages for VSC, expanding experimental possibilities.
  • Advanced spectroscopic techniques and theoretical models are essential for understanding VSC dynamics and quantum effects.
  • Further development of quantum optical methods is needed for a complete description of VSC systems, especially considering in-plane dispersion.