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Evaluation of decellularization process for developing osteogenic bovine cancellous bone scaffolds in-vitro
Ali Al Qabbani1,2, K G Aghila Rani3, Junaidi Syarif4
1Department of Oral & Craniofacial Health Sciences, College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.
Plos One
|April 5, 2023
Summary
A novel decellularization technique effectively produced acellular bovine cancellous bone scaffolds, showing superior osteogenic potential for bone regeneration compared to demineralized scaffolds.
Area of Science:
- Biomaterials Science
- Tissue Engineering
- Orthopedic Research
Background:
- Xenogeneic bone grafting faces immunological challenges due to donor cells.
- Safer acellular natural matrices are needed for bone regeneration.
- Current methods may damage the extracellular matrix.
Purpose of the Study:
- To develop and evaluate a novel decellularization technique for bovine cancellous bone.
- To compare the physicochemical, mechanical, and biological properties of decellularized (DCC) vs. demineralized (DMB) scaffolds.
- To assess the in-vitro osteogenic potential of the DCC scaffold.
Main Methods:
- Bovine cancellous bone was processed into DMB and DCC scaffolds using different treatments.
- Scaffolds were analyzed using histology, SEM/EDS, FTIR, and biochemical assays.
- Osteogenic potential was evaluated by seeding human osteoblasts and assessing cell behavior and gene expression.
Main Results:
- DCC scaffolds exhibited a complete acellular extracellular matrix with no nucleic acid content.
- DCC scaffolds showed wider pores, better interconnectivity, and retained collagen fibrils.
- DCC scaffolds supported enhanced cell proliferation, osteogenic marker expression, and mineralization.
Conclusions:
- The novel decellularization technique yields an acellular DCC scaffold with preserved ECM integrity.
- DCC scaffolds demonstrate significant in-vitro osteogenic potential via osteoconduction, osteoinduction, and osteogenesis.
- This technique offers a promising alternative for developing safer bone regeneration materials.
