Electrochemical generation of hydrogen peroxide from a zinc gallium oxide anode with dual active sites

Electrochemical water oxidation enables the conversion of H₂O to H₂O₂. It holds distinct advantages to the O₂ reduction reaction, which is restricted by the inefficient mass transfer and limited solubility of O₂ in aqueous media. Nonetheless, most reported anodes suffer from high overpotentials (usually >1000 mV) and low selectivity. Electrolysis at high overpotentials often causes serious decomposition of peroxides and leads to declined selectivity. Herein, we report a ZnGa₂O₄ anode with dual active sites to improve the selectivity and resist the decomposition of peroxides. Its faradaic efficiency reaches 82% at 2.3 V versus RHE for H₂O₂ generation through both direct (via OH^-) and indirect (via HCO₃^-) pathways. The percarbonate is the critical species generated through the conversion of bicarbonate at Ga-Ga dual sites. The peroxy bond is stable on the surface of the ZnGa₂O₄ anode, significantly improving faradaic efficiency.