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Related Concept Videos

Nuclear Export of mRNA02:31

Nuclear Export of mRNA

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Before mRNAs are exported to the cytoplasm, it is crucial to check each mRNA for structural and functional integrity. Eukaryotic cells use several different mechanisms, collectively known as mRNA surveillance, to look for irregularities in mRNAs. Irregular or aberrant mRNA are rapidly degraded by various enzymes. If a defective mRNA escapes the surveillance, it would be translated into a protein which would either be non-functional or not function properly. One of the primary irregularities in...
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In eukaryotic cells, transcripts made by RNA polymerase are modified and processed before exiting the nucleus. Unprocessed RNA is called precursor mRNA or pre-mRNA to distinguish it from mature mRNA.
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In eukaryotes, transcription and translation are compartmentalized; an mRNA is first synthesized in the nucleus and then selectively transported to the cytoplasm for protein synthesis. Before transport, a pre-mRNA undergoes several steps of post-transcriptional modifications including splicing, 5' capping, and the addition of a poly-adenine tail. Various proteins bind to the pre-mRNA during these modifications. The mRNA transport takes place with the help of multiple proteins playing...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 4, 2025

Method for the Isolation and Identification of mRNAs, microRNAs and Protein Components of Ribonucleoprotein Complexes from Cell Extracts using RIP-Chip
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mRNA recognition and packaging by the human transcription-export complex.

Belén Pacheco-Fiallos1,2, Matthias K Vorländer1, Daria Riabov-Bassat1

  • 1Research Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP), Vienna BioCenter (VBC), Vienna, Austria.

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Newly synthesized mRNAs are packaged into messenger ribonucleoprotein complexes (mRNPs) and exported from the nucleus. This study reveals how the transcription-export (TREX) complex organizes mRNPs for efficient mRNA export.

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Structural Biology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Messenger RNAs (mRNAs) are processed into messenger ribonucleoprotein complexes (mRNPs) for nuclear export.
  • The transcription-export (TREX) complex mediates mRNA nuclear export, but its mechanisms of mRNP recognition and organization are unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the structural mechanisms of mRNP recognition and organization by the TREX complex.

Main Methods:

  • Cryo-electron microscopy and tomography were used to determine the structures of reconstituted and endogenous human mRNPs bound to the TREX complex.
  • Analysis of multivalent interactions between TREX subunit ALYREF and mRNP-bound exon junction complexes.

Main Results:

  • mRNPs are recognized by TREX via multivalent interactions involving ALYREF and exon junction complexes.
  • Exon junction complexes can multimerize through ALYREF, facilitating mRNP organization.
  • Endogenous mRNPs form compact globules coated by multiple TREX complexes.

Conclusions:

  • The TREX complex recognizes, compacts, and protects mRNAs through interactions with mRNP components.
  • mRNP globule organization by TREX is crucial for efficient mRNA biogenesis and nuclear export.