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Pulmonary dysfunction in overweight and obese children with obstructive sleep apnoea

Aina Salwa Kasim1, Shahram Golbabapour2, Azriyanti Anuar Zaini1,3

  • 1Department of Paediatrics, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism
|April 6, 2023
PubMed

Insights

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in overweight children significantly impairs pulmonary function, even independent of body mass index (BMI). OSA severity and elevated fractionated exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) worsen lung function.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Pulmonology
  • Sleep Medicine
  • Obesity Research

Background:

  • Overweight and obese children face increased risks for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and abnormal pulmonary function (PF).
  • Understanding the interplay between weight, OSA, and lung health in children is crucial for early intervention.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between body mass index (BMI), obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), and pulmonary function (PF) in children.
  • To determine if OSA severity or BMI is a stronger predictor of impaired lung function.

Main Methods:

  • Seventy-four children were assessed for OSA severity using the mixed obstructive apnea-hypopnea index (MOAHI).
  • Measurements included BMI, oxygen saturation (SpO2), forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), and fractionated exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO).

Main Results:

  • Children with mild OSA (n=24) and moderate-to-severe OSA (n=30) showed significant pulmonary function abnormalities.
  • BMI negatively correlated with SpO2 nadir (r=-.363, p=.001).
  • FVC, FEV1, and nadir SpO2 decreased with increasing OSA severity (p<.001), with OSA increasing odds of abnormal spirometry by 3.16 times.

Conclusions:

  • Overweight and obese children with OSA exhibit significant pulmonary function abnormalities, independent of BMI.
  • OSA severity and elevated FeNO are associated with diminished lung function in pediatric populations.
Abstract

Keywords:
childrencytokinesobesityobstructive sleep apnoeaoverweightpulmonary function

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