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Hardware Trojans based on two-dimensional memtransistors.

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Hardware Trojans (HTs) are malicious modifications in integrated circuits (ICs). This study demonstrates how 2D material memtransistors can be exploited to create undetectable HTs in in-memory computing elements.

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Area of Science:

  • Electrical Engineering
  • Computer Science
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Hardware Trojans (HTs) pose a significant security risk in integrated circuits (ICs) due to globalized semiconductor supply chains.
  • HTs are malicious modifications that evade detection via standard electrical testing and can lead to critical system failures.
  • In-memory computing technologies are increasingly prevalent, presenting new avenues for hardware security vulnerabilities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the potential of two-dimensional (2D) material-based in-memory computing elements, specifically memtransistors, as a novel platform for Hardware Trojans.
  • To demonstrate that the inherent programming capabilities of 2D memtransistors can be exploited to induce malicious behavior in logic gates.
  • To assess the broader applicability of these findings to various state-of-the-art and emerging in-memory computing technologies.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing memtransistors based on 2D materials to construct logic gates.
  • Exploiting the programming characteristics of 2D memtransistors to intentionally introduce malfunctions.
  • Testing the developed 2D memtransistor-based integrated circuits (ICs) as a proof-of-concept.

Main Results:

  • Logic gates constructed from 2D memtransistors were successfully manipulated to exhibit Trojan behavior.
  • The inherent programmability of these devices provides a mechanism for creating undetectable Hardware Trojans.
  • The demonstrated vulnerability is not limited to 2D memtransistors but extends to other in-memory computing technologies.

Conclusions:

  • Two-dimensional (2D) material-based memtransistors can be effectively weaponized as Hardware Trojans (HTs) within in-memory computing architectures.
  • The exploitability of programming features in these advanced computing elements highlights a critical security gap.
  • This research underscores the need for enhanced security measures in the design and deployment of next-generation integrated circuits and in-memory computing systems.