Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

AC Sources01:20

AC Sources

3.0K
Direct current is a flow of electric charge in only one direction and has a steady state of constant voltage in the circuit. Rectifiers, batteries, commutator-equipped generators, and fuel cells are some examples of devices that generate direct current. Nowadays, most applications use a time-varying voltage source. Alternating current is a flow of electric charge that periodically reverses direction. An alternating current is produced by an alternating emf that is generated in a power plant. If...
3.0K
Directional Relays01:25

Directional Relays

155
Directional relays, essential for managing unidirectional fault currents, enhance the safety and efficiency of power systems. On power lines equipped with directional relays, faults downstream (to the right) of the current transformer typically cause the fault current to lag the bus voltage by approximately 90 degrees, known as the forward direction. In contrast, upstream (left-side) faults may result in the fault current leading the bus voltage by nearly 90 degrees, termed the reverse...
155
Sinusoidal Sources01:18

Sinusoidal Sources

581
Direct current (DC) refers to an electric current that flows in a single direction, maintaining a constant polarity. This is in contrast to alternating current (AC), which periodically changes its direction and magnitude. AC forms the backbone of modern electricity transmission and distribution systems due to its efficient long-distance transmission capabilities.
In homes, the power supplies use sinusoidal sources to provide electricity. These sources generate a voltage that varies sinusoidally...
581
Force On A Current Loop In A Magnetic Field01:17

Force On A Current Loop In A Magnetic Field

3.3K
Magnetic forces on wires carrying current are most frequently applied in motors. A DC motor is a device that converts electrical energy into mechanical work. In motors, wire loops are enclosed in a magnetic field. When current flows through the loops, the magnetic field applies torque, which causes the shaft to rotate. The direction of the current is reversed once the loop's surface area is lined up with the magnetic field, causing a constant torque on the loop. During the process,...
3.3K
Lenz's Law01:15

Lenz's Law

4.1K
The direction in which the induced emf drives the current around a wire loop can be found through the negative sign. However, it is usually easier to determine this direction with Lenz's law, named in honor of its discoverer, Heinrich Lenz (1804–1865). Lenz's law states that the direction of the induced emf drives the current around a wire loop always to oppose the change in magnetic flux that causes the emf.
If a bar magnet is moved toward a coil such that the magnetic flux...
4.1K
Resistor in an AC Circuit01:31

Resistor in an AC Circuit

2.7K
An alternating emf or voltage source is needed to supply an alternating current (AC) to a circuit. A coil of wire rotating in a magnetic field at a constant angular speed represents such a source. It also generates a sinusoidal alternating emf and serves as an industrial alternator.
One-way current through the meter is measured using diodes. A diode is a device with better conductivity in one direction compared to the other; in its ideal state, it has zero resistance in one direction and allows...
2.7K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

An Electroenzymatic Platform toward Enantioenriched α-Chloro- and α,α-Dichloro β-Hydroxy Esters.

Organic letters·2026
Same author

Electrochemical Synthesis of Benzotriazoles and Benzotriazinones.

Organic letters·2026
Same author

ABUS-based glandular tissue component classification for breast cancer risk prediction in Chinese women with dense breasts: a retrospective study.

BMC medical imaging·2026
Same author

Benzo-Extended [<i>n</i>]Phenacenes: e‑Flow Synthesis and Length-Dependent Properties.

JACS Au·2025
Same author

Electrochemical Conversions of Sulfinamidines into Sulfonimidoyl Fluorides.

Organic letters·2025
Same author

Ligand-Engineered Metal-Organic Frameworks of 3D Infinite Trinuclear Zinc Units for Photocatalytic Monooxygenation of Sulfenamides.

Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)·2025
Same journal

A native sulfur deposit in Gale crater, Mars.

Science (New York, N.Y.)·2026
Same journal

Coordinated demise of harmful algal blooms.

Science (New York, N.Y.)·2026
Same journal

Genetic effects put into context.

Science (New York, N.Y.)·2026
Same journal

Bacteria share proteins to survive antibiotics.

Science (New York, N.Y.)·2026
Same journal

Impacts shaped Earth's first continents.

Science (New York, N.Y.)·2026
Same journal

Erratum for the Report "Covalently bonded single-molecule junctions with stable and reversible photoswitched conductivity" by C. Jia <i>et al</i>.

Science (New York, N.Y.)·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 4, 2025

Magnetically-Assisted Remote Controlled Microcatheter Tip Deflection under Magnetic Resonance Imaging
11:27

Magnetically-Assisted Remote Controlled Microcatheter Tip Deflection under Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Published on: April 4, 2013

12.5K

Alternating the current direction.

Peng Guo1, Ke-Yin Ye1

  • 1Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University), College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China.

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|April 6, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Waveform-controlled electrolysis offers a new method for carbon-carbon coupling reactions. This technique efficiently joins carboxylic acids, advancing organic synthesis.

More Related Videos

Preparation of Janus Particles and Alternating Current Electrokinetic Measurements with a Rapidly Fabricated Indium Tin Oxide Electrode Array
09:55

Preparation of Janus Particles and Alternating Current Electrokinetic Measurements with a Rapidly Fabricated Indium Tin Oxide Electrode Array

Published on: June 23, 2017

8.3K
The Modular Design and Production of an Intelligent Robot Based on a Closed-Loop Control Strategy
11:53

The Modular Design and Production of an Intelligent Robot Based on a Closed-Loop Control Strategy

Published on: October 14, 2017

11.7K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Aug 4, 2025

Magnetically-Assisted Remote Controlled Microcatheter Tip Deflection under Magnetic Resonance Imaging
11:27

Magnetically-Assisted Remote Controlled Microcatheter Tip Deflection under Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Published on: April 4, 2013

12.5K
Preparation of Janus Particles and Alternating Current Electrokinetic Measurements with a Rapidly Fabricated Indium Tin Oxide Electrode Array
09:55

Preparation of Janus Particles and Alternating Current Electrokinetic Measurements with a Rapidly Fabricated Indium Tin Oxide Electrode Array

Published on: June 23, 2017

8.3K
The Modular Design and Production of an Intelligent Robot Based on a Closed-Loop Control Strategy
11:53

The Modular Design and Production of an Intelligent Robot Based on a Closed-Loop Control Strategy

Published on: October 14, 2017

11.7K

Area of Science:

  • Electrochemistry
  • Organic Synthesis
  • Catalysis

Background:

  • Carbon-carbon bond formation is fundamental in organic chemistry.
  • Traditional methods for carboxylic acid coupling often require harsh conditions or specific catalysts.
  • Developing milder and more efficient coupling strategies is an ongoing challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce a novel waveform-controlled electrolysis method.
  • To demonstrate the efficacy of this method for carbon-carbon coupling of carboxylic acids.
  • To explore the mechanism and scope of the reaction.

Main Methods:

  • Electrochemical synthesis utilizing precisely controlled waveforms.
  • Carboxylic acid substrates subjected to reductive coupling conditions.
  • Analysis of reaction products using standard organic chemistry techniques (e.g., NMR, GC-MS).

Main Results:

  • Successful carbon-carbon coupling of various carboxylic acids was achieved.
  • The waveform control allowed for high selectivity and yield.
  • The method operates under mild electrochemical conditions.

Conclusions:

  • Waveform-controlled electrolysis is a powerful tool for C-C bond formation from carboxylic acids.
  • This approach provides a sustainable and efficient alternative to existing coupling methods.
  • The technique holds promise for broader applications in synthetic organic chemistry.