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Validating the Breathing Vigilance Questionnaire for use in dysfunctional breathing.

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We validated the Breathing Vigilance Questionnaire (Breathe-VQ) to measure conscious awareness of breathing. This tool helps identify dysfunctional breathing patterns linked to anxiety.

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Respiratory Medicine
  • Health Psychology

Background:

  • Dysfunctional breathing is prevalent in individuals with and without respiratory conditions.
  • Anxiety may contribute to dysfunctional breathing by increasing conscious monitoring of respiration.
  • The exact mechanism linking anxiety to dysfunctional breathing requires further elucidation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To validate a new tool, the Breathing Vigilance Questionnaire (Breathe-VQ), for quantifying breathing-related vigilance.
  • To assess the reliability and validity of the Breathe-VQ in a healthy adult population.
  • To explore the association between breathing vigilance and dysfunctional breathing risk.

Main Methods:

  • Developed an 11-item Breathe-VQ based on the Pain Vigilance and Awareness Scale.
  • Administered the Breathe-VQ, Nijmegen Questionnaire (NQ), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, and Movement-Specific Reinvestment Scale to 323 healthy adults.
  • Assessed test-retest reliability by re-administering the Breathe-VQ to 83 participants after 3 weeks.

Main Results:

  • The final six-item Breathe-VQ demonstrated excellent internal consistency (α=0.892) and test-retest reliability (ICC=0.810).
  • Breathe-VQ scores positively correlated with trait anxiety and conscious processing measures.
  • Individuals at high risk for dysfunctional breathing (NQ >23) exhibited significantly higher Breathe-VQ scores.

Conclusions:

  • The Breathe-VQ is a reliable and valid instrument for measuring breathing vigilance.
  • Elevated breathing vigilance may be a contributing factor to dysfunctional breathing and a potential therapeutic target.
  • Further research is needed to establish the prognostic value of the Breathe-VQ and evaluate interventions.