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Related Concept Videos

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

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In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA...
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Non-LTR Retrotransposons

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As the name suggests, non-LTR retrotransposons lack the long terminal repeats characteristic of the LTR retrotransposons. Additionally, both LTR and non-LTR retrotransposons use distinct mechanisms of mobilization. Non-LTR retrotransposons are further divided into two classes - Long interspersed nuclear elements (LINEs) and short interspersed nuclear elements (SINEs), both of which occur abundantly in most mammals, including humans. Some of the active non-LTR retrotransposons in humans are L1...
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Tumor Progression02:07

Tumor Progression

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Tumor progression is a phenomenon where the pre-formed tumor acquires successive mutations to become clinically more aggressive and malignant. In the 1950s, Foulds first described the stepwise progression of cancer cells through successive stages.
Colon cancer is one of the best-documented examples of tumor progression. Early mutation in the APC gene in colon cells causes a small growth on the colon wall called a polyp. With time, this polyp grows into a benign, pre-cancerous tumor. Further...
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Catenins01:23

Catenins

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Catenins are characterized by multiple binding domains and dynamic structures that allow them to function as linker proteins in cell junction complexes. All catenins, except α-catenin, contain a characteristic protein sequence called the armadillo repeat and are therefore also called armadillo proteins.
Catenins in Cell Junctions
Catenins bind to cell adhesion molecules such as cadherins and link them to different cytoskeletal proteins depending on the type of cell junction. At the...
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Cancer-Critical Genes I: Proto-oncogenes

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Genes usually encode proteins necessary for the proper functioning of a healthy cell. Mutations can often cause changes to the gene expression pattern, thereby altering the phenotype.
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Such genes that act...
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Abnormal Proliferation02:23

Abnormal Proliferation

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Under normal conditions, most adult cells remain in a non-proliferative state unless stimulated by internal or external factors to replace lost cells. Abnormal cell proliferation is a condition in which the cell's growth exceeds and is uncoordinated with normal cells. In such situations, cell division persists in the same excessive manner even after cessation of the stimuli, leading to persistent tumors. The tumor arises from the damaged cells that replicate to pass the damage to the...
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CCAT 1- A Pivotal Oncogenic Long Non-Coding RNA in Colorectal Cancer.

Xiew Leng Liau1, Shamala Salvamani1, Baskaran Gunasekaran2

  • 1Division of Applied Biomedical Sciences and Biotechnology, School of Health Sciences, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

British Journal of Biomedical Science
|April 7, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Colon cancer-associated transcript 1 (CCAT 1) is overexpressed in colorectal cancer (CRC), indicating its potential as a biomarker for screening, diagnosis, and prognosis. This long non-coding RNA also shows promise as a therapeutic target for improving CRC treatment outcomes.

Keywords:
CCAT 1biomarkerc-MYCcolorectal cancerlong non-coding RNA

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide, with low cure and survival rates.
  • There is a critical need for novel biomarkers to enhance CRC screening, diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of long non-coding RNA colon cancer-associated transcript 1 (CCAT 1) as a potential biomarker in colorectal cancer.
  • To evaluate the association of CCAT 1 with CRC tumorigenesis, clinical features, and treatment outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • The study focused on analyzing the expression levels of CCAT 1 in CRC tissues.
  • Investigated the correlation between CCAT 1 expression and various clinical parameters, including tumor stage, metastasis, and differentiation.
  • Explored the molecular mechanisms by which CCAT 1 influences CRC progression, including its interaction with c-MYC and microRNAs.

Main Results:

  • CCAT 1 was found to be significantly overexpressed in both premalignant and malignant colorectal cancer tissues.
  • Elevated CCAT 1 levels correlated with advanced clinical manifestations, such as lymph node metastasis, higher tumor stage, invasion, and distant metastasis.
  • CCAT 1 was shown to upregulate oncogenic c-MYC, modulate microRNAs, and enhance chemoresistance in CRC cells.

Conclusions:

  • CCAT 1 demonstrates high specificity and sensitivity, making it a promising candidate for colorectal cancer screening and diagnosis.
  • CCAT 1 serves as a valuable prognostic biomarker, correlating with disease progression and advanced features.
  • Targeting CCAT 1 presents a potential therapeutic strategy to improve treatment outcomes for colorectal cancer patients.