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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 28, 2026

Using Live Cell STED Imaging to Visualize Mitochondrial Inner Membrane Ultrastructure in Neuronal Cell Models

Using Live Cell STED Imaging to Visualize Mitochondrial Inner Membrane Ultrastructure in Neuronal Cell Models

Published on: June 30, 2023

Targeting mtDNA to Modulate Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Neurodegenerative Diseases.

Sanket Pramanik¹, Biplab Debnath¹, Aganta Chakraborty¹

¹Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Bharat Technology, Uluberia, 711316, West Bengal, India.

Molecular Neurobiology

|June 26, 2026

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) damage contributes to neurodegenerative diseases. mtDNA-editing tools offer promising adjunctive strategies, but challenges remain for widespread therapeutic application.

Keywords:

DdCBE (DddA-derived Cytosine Base Editors)Heteroplasmy Correction MitoTALENs Mitochondria-Targeted CRISPR/Cas Systems Mitochondrial Genome Editing Neurodegenerative Disorders Oxidative Stress & Mitochondrial Dysfunction Precision Medicine

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Modeling Mitochondrial Disease Using Brain Organoids: A Focus on Mitochondrial Encephalomyopathy, Lactic Acidosis, and Stroke-like Episodes

Modeling Mitochondrial Disease Using Brain Organoids: A Focus on Mitochondrial Encephalomyopathy, Lactic Acidosis, and Stroke-like Episodes

Published on: October 10, 2025

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Genetics
Molecular Biology

Background:

Mitochondrial dysfunction is a hallmark of neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's and Parkinson's.
Secondary mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) damage and heteroplasmy shifts can worsen neuronal vulnerability.

Purpose of the Study:

To review mitochondrial dysfunction in neurodegenerative diseases.
To evaluate current and emerging mtDNA editing techniques.
To highlight translational barriers for mtDNA-targeted therapies.

Main Methods:

Review of scientific literature on mitochondrial dysfunction and mtDNA editing.
Analysis of gene editing technologies including ZFNs, TALENs, DddA-base editors, and CRISPR/Cas systems.
Examination of limitations and challenges in mtDNA editing delivery and application.

Main Results:

mtDNA alterations exacerbate neurodegenerative disease pathology.
Various mtDNA editing platforms exist, each with unique strengths and limitations.
CRISPR/Cas systems face challenges with guiding RNA import into mitochondria.

Conclusions:

mtDNA-targeted interventions show potential as disease-modifying or adjunctive therapies.
These approaches are unlikely to be curative on their own.
Further research is needed to overcome delivery and specificity challenges in mtDNA editing.