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Mast cell activation: beyond histamine and tryptase.

Theoharis C Theoharides1,2, Adam I Perlman3, Assma Twahir1

  • 1Institute for Neuro-Immune Medicine, Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Osteopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Ft. Lauderdale, FL, USA.

Expert Review of Clinical Immunology
|April 8, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Mast cells, crucial for immune responses, can become overactive, leading to challenging diagnoses and treatments for mast cell activation diseases (MCADs). Expanding the definition beyond histamine and tryptase is key for better patient care.

Keywords:
brain fogcomorbiditiesdiagnosisinflammatory mediatorsmast cellsmastocytosismechanismtreatment

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Mast cells are ubiquitous immune cells with diverse functions.
  • They respond to various triggers via surface receptors, leading to mediator release.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the complexity of mast cell activation beyond traditional mediators.
  • To emphasize the need for broader diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for mast cell activation diseases (MCADs).

Main Methods:

  • Review of mast cell functions and mediator release mechanisms.
  • Analysis of current understanding and limitations in diagnosing and treating MCADs.

Main Results:

  • Mast cell activation involves diverse mediators beyond histamine and tryptase.
  • Current diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for MCADs are often insufficient due to this complexity.

Conclusions:

  • The definition of mast cell activation requires expansion to include a wider range of mediators.
  • Improved detection and novel treatments targeting mast cell activation are crucial for managing MCADs and related disorders.