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Related Concept Videos

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Panic Disorder

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Panic disorder is an anxiety disorder characterized by recurrent and sudden minutes-long episodes of intense fear, known as panic attacks. These attacks may feel like heart attacks and often happen without warning or a specific cause. They can include symptoms such as rapid heart rate, shortness of breath, chest pain, trembling, sweating, dizziness, and a sense of helplessness. During a panic attack, individuals may feel as though they are experiencing a heart attack or are in a...
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Bipolar disorder is a chronic mental health condition marked by significant mood fluctuations, including episodes of mania and depression. Elevated energy levels, heightened mood or irritability, impulsive behavior, reduced sleep needs, rapid speech, racing thoughts, inflated self-esteem, and distractibility characterize mania. Individuals with bipolar disorder often alternate between depressive and manic states, with periods of emotional stability lasting an average of six months to a year.
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Anorexia nervosa is a complex and severe eating disorder characterized by an intense fear of weight gain, an unrelenting pursuit of thinness, and a distorted body image. It often leads to dangerously low body weight relative to an individual's age and height. This disorder is marked by significant physical and psychological consequences, making it one of the most life-threatening psychiatric illnesses.
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The female reproductive system can be affected by several disorders, including Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS), Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD), endometriosis, and various forms of cancer. PMS and PMDD are cyclical conditions that cause physical and emotional distress, with symptoms that include edema, mood swings, and food cravings. PMDD is a more severe form of PMS characterized by increased symptom severity that peaks during the luteal phase and tends to improve or resolve shortly after...
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Stereotype Threat and Self-fulfilling Prophecies02:09

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When we hold a stereotype about a person, we have expectations that he or she will fulfill that stereotype. A self-fulfilling prophecy is an expectation held by a person that alters his or her behavior in a way that tends to make it true. When we hold stereotypes about a person, we tend to treat the person according to our expectations. This treatment can influence the person to act according to our stereotypic expectations, thus confirming our stereotypic beliefs. Research by Rosenthal and...
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The ovarian cycle regulates endometrial changes throughout a single menstrual cycle via the coordinated action of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and gonadotrophins.
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Updated: Aug 3, 2025

3D-Neuronavigation In Vivo Through a Patient's Brain During a Spontaneous Migraine Headache
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Migraine and the Gender Divide.

Aimen Vanood1, India C Rangel2, Amaal J Starling1

  • 1Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ, USA.

Neurologic Clinics
|April 8, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Migraine is a common neurological disorder, affecting more women than men. This review covers migraine

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Epidemiology
  • Sex Differences in Medicine

Background:

  • Migraine is a prevalent global neurologic disease, disproportionately affecting women.
  • The underlying mechanisms for this sex predisposition remain incompletely understood.
  • Understanding migraine epidemiology, pathophysiology, and treatment is crucial for effective management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current evidence on migraine epidemiology, pathophysiology, and treatment.
  • To highlight significant sex differences in migraine presentation and experience.
  • To identify disparities in care and the impact of stigma on migraine management.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive literature review of recent studies on migraine.
  • Analysis of epidemiological data, focusing on prevalence and sex-specific trends.
Keywords:
FemaleHeadacheMigrainePain

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  • Examination of pathophysiological mechanisms and current treatment strategies.

    • Main Results:

    • Women exhibit a higher predisposition to migraine, though mechanisms require further research.
    • Significant sex differences exist in migraine epidemiology and clinical presentation.
    • Stigma associated with migraine can impede effective clinical care for both sexes.

    Conclusions:

    • Further research is needed to elucidate the mechanisms behind sex differences in migraine.
    • Addressing care gaps and migraine-related stigma is essential for improving patient outcomes.
    • A comprehensive understanding of migraine, including sex-specific factors, is vital for advancing treatment.