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The right type and quality of aggregates are crucial for concrete as they significantly influence its properties, mix proportions, and cost-effectiveness. If different sources are available for sand, the commonly used fine aggregate in concrete, the selection of sand is primarily based on its gradation.
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Soft Functionally Gradient Materials and Structures - Natural and Manmade: A Review.

Akanksha Pragya1, Tushar K Ghosh1

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This summary is machine-generated.

This study explores soft functionally gradient materials (FGMs) for human-interactive applications. Inspired by nature, these compliant FGMs offer new design strategies for advanced soft systems and devices.

Keywords:
compositional gradientssoft functionally gradient materialsstructural gradients

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Biomimetics
  • Soft Matter Physics

Background:

  • Functionally gradient materials (FGMs) exhibit designed variations in properties.
  • Traditional FGMs use hard materials like metals and ceramics.
  • Growing interest exists in polymer-based soft FGMs for human environments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To discuss design and function principles of biological and manmade soft FGMs.
  • To highlight the potential of soft FGMs in human-interactive technologies.
  • To identify challenges and opportunities in soft FGM development.

Main Methods:

  • Review of biological FGMs and their manmade counterparts.
  • Analysis of hierarchical structures in natural FGMs.
  • Discussion of soft materials' processability and properties.

Main Results:

  • Biological FGMs demonstrate multifunctional properties from hierarchical structures.
  • Soft FGMs can manage interfacial issues in dissimilar materials.
  • Natural FGMs provide design paradigms for synthetic materials.

Conclusions:

  • Soft FGMs are crucial for emerging applications like soft robotics and electronic textiles.
  • Leveraging soft materials' properties can lead to advanced functional FGMs.
  • Nature-inspired design offers pathways for novel soft FGM development.