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Effectiveness of myopia control interventions: A systematic review of 12 randomized control trials published between
Carla Lanca1,2, Chi Pui Pang3,4,5, Andrzej Grzybowski6,7
1Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde de Lisboa (ESTeSL), Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.
Purpose:
This study aims to investigate the effectiveness of interventions to control myopia progression. In this systematic review, the primary outcomes were mean differences (MD) between treatment and control groups in myopia progression (D) and axial length (AL) elongation (mm).
Results:
The following interventions were found to be effective (p < 0.001): highly aspherical lenslets (HAL, 0.80 D, 95% CI, 0.77-0.83; -0.35 mm, 95% CI -0.36 to -0.34), MiSight contact lenses (0.66 D, 95% CI, 0.63-0.69; -0.28 mm, 95% CI -0.29 to -0.27), low dose atropine 0.05% (0.54 D, 95% CI, 0.38-0.70; -0.21 mm, 95% CI-0.28 to -0.14), Biofinity +2.50 D (0.45 D, 95% CI, 0.29, 0.61; -0.24 mm, 95% CI -0.33 to -0.15), defocus incorporated multiple segments [DIMS] (0.44 D, 95% CI, 0.42-0.46; -0.34 mm, 95% CI -0.35 to -0.33) and ortho-k lenses (-0.24 mm, 95% CI -0.33 to -01.5).
Conclusion:
Low-dose atropine 0.01% was not effective in reducing AL progression in two studies. Treatment efficacy with low-dose atropine of 0.05% showed good efficacy. Spectacles (HAL and DIMS) and contact lenses (MiSight and Biofinity) may confer a comparable treatment benefit compared to atropine, to slow myopia progression.
Insights
Several interventions effectively slow myopia progression, including specialized lenses and low-dose atropine. Spectacle and contact lens options show comparable benefits to atropine for myopia control.
Area of Science:
- Ophthalmology
- Optometry
- Vision Science
Background:
- Myopia progression is a growing public health concern.
- Effective interventions are needed to slow axial length elongation and myopia.
- Systematic reviews are crucial for evaluating myopia control strategies.
Approach:
- A systematic review was conducted to assess myopia control interventions.
- Primary outcomes included myopia progression (diopters) and axial length elongation (mm).
- Effectiveness was determined by comparing treatment and control groups.
Key Points:
- Highly aspherical lenslets (HAL), MiSight contact lenses, 0.05% low-dose atropine, Biofinity +2.50 D, defocus incorporated multiple segments (DIMS), and ortho-k lenses demonstrated significant myopia control.
- HAL and DIMS spectacles, MiSight and Biofinity contact lenses showed comparable efficacy to atropine.
- 0.01% low-dose atropine was not effective in reducing axial length progression.
Conclusions:
- 0.05% low-dose atropine is effective for myopia control.
- Spectacle and contact lens interventions offer a viable alternative to atropine for slowing myopia progression.
- Further research may explore combination therapies and long-term outcomes.
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