ACSM Expert Consensus Statement on Exertional Heat Illness: Recognition, Management, and Return to Activity

Area of Science:

• Sports Medicine
• Environmental Physiology
• Emergency Medicine

Background:

• Exertional heat stroke (EHS) is a life-threatening condition requiring immediate medical intervention.
• Understanding the spectrum of exertional heat illness, including heat exhaustion and heat injury, is critical for appropriate management.
• Effective treatment relies on prompt recognition and cooling to prevent organ damage.

Purpose of the Study:

• To emphasize the importance of a synchronized chain of survival for optimal exertional heat illness management.
• To provide healthcare providers with clear definitions and understanding of exertional heat illnesses.
• To highlight essential components of EHS management, including early identification, cessation of activity, and rapid cooling.

Main Methods:

• This consensus statement synthesizes current knowledge on exertional heat illness.
• It emphasizes the critical role of rapid recognition, management, and inter-team communication.
• Key risk factors and preventative strategies are discussed.

Main Results:

• Early identification of exertional heat stroke, immediate cessation of physical activity, and rapid whole-body cooling are vital for survival.
• Outcomes are closely linked to the duration of severe hyperthermia.
• Effective prevention strategies involve modifying known risk factors through leadership and policy.

Conclusions:

• A coordinated approach to exertional heat illness management, focusing on a rapid chain of survival, improves patient outcomes.
• Healthcare providers must be proficient in diagnosing and managing the spectrum of exertional heat illnesses.
• Prevention through policy, leadership, and on-site medical care is paramount for mitigating the risk of exertional heat stroke.