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Updated: Aug 3, 2025

Determining the Role of Maternally-Expressed Genes in Early Development with Maternal Crispants
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Maternal patterns of inheritance alter transcript expression in eggs.

Nathan D Harry1, Christina Zakas2

  • 1Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, 112 Derieux Place, Raleigh, NC, 27607, USA.

BMC Genomics
|April 10, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Maternal mRNA provisioning to eggs varies significantly, influencing early development and evolution. Both parental and allelic effects contribute to these gene expression differences, revealing intergenerational impacts on offspring development.

Keywords:
Maternal effects; regulatory evolution; EvoDevo; parental genetic effects

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Early development is controlled by maternal factors like messenger RNAs (mRNAs) within eggs.
  • Variations in maternal mRNA provisioning can drive evolutionary changes in development.
  • The extent of maternal mRNA variation in eggs is largely uncharacterized across species.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the variation in maternal mRNA provisioning in eggs of a species with dimorphic development.
  • To understand how maternal genotype and parental effects influence mRNA expression in eggs.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of gene expression in eggs from a species exhibiting dimorphic development (different egg/larval sizes).
  • Separation of parental effects from allelic effects on mRNA expression.
  • Examination of intraspecific crosses to identify parental effects on egg provisioning.

Main Results:

  • Significant qualitative and quantitative differences in mRNA expression were observed across eggs of different developmental modes.
  • Both parental and allelic factors contribute to variations in mRNA expression.
  • Parental effects on egg provisioning were demonstrated, dependent on cross direction, impacting oogenesis.

Conclusions:

  • Maternally controlled development initiation differs functionally between eggs of varying sizes and maternal genotypes.
  • Allele-specific and parent-of-origin effects are key contributors to gene expression diversity in eggs.
  • Parent-of-origin effects highlight an intergenerational genetic influence on egg gene expression.