Gender trend of monkeypox virus infection

An outbreak of monkeypox (mpox) in 2022 has been declared as a 'public health emergency of international concern' by the World Health Organization (WHO). There are many reports about the cases of male-to-male transmission of the recent mpox virus (MPXV). However, the mechanism and trend of male infection are unclear. We analyzed public data to test whether men are vulnerable to mpox by gender effect.

Public data of previously and recently reported cohort cases, including gender information of MPXV-infected patients, from PubMed, Google Scholar, and EBSCO databases were collected and analyzed. Network analysis was used to explore the potent intersections between male hormone receptor, androgen receptor (AR) signaling, and mpox-related and -infected host cell response genes. Furthermore, gene ontology enrichment and KEGG genomic signaling pathways were analyzed using intersection genes.

MPXV infections among the male population are more frequent than the female population using multiple cohort public data analysis. AR signaling-related gene list against mpox host cell response gene list data of two sets showed that the most intersection genes are related to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, inflammation, and transcription. AR signaling may be essential to the infection and might be a potent target in anti-mpox infective therapy.