Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

α-Hydroxy Ketones via Reductive Coupling of Esters: Acyloin Condensation Overview01:19

α-Hydroxy Ketones via Reductive Coupling of Esters: Acyloin Condensation Overview

2.9K
The pinacol and McMurry reactions involve the reductive coupling of ketones or aldehydes. Similarly, the bimolecular reductive coupling of two ester molecules in the presence of sodium metal in an aprotic solvent yields an α-hydroxy ketone product. The α-hydroxy ketone is also called acyloin, so the reaction is referred to as ‘acyloin condensation.’
2.9K
Alkylation of β-Ketoester Enolates: Acetoacetic Ester Synthesis01:07

Alkylation of β-Ketoester Enolates: Acetoacetic Ester Synthesis

3.5K
Acetoacetic ester synthesis is a method to obtain ketones from alkyl halides and β-keto esters. The reaction occurs in the presence of an alkoxide base that abstracts the acidic proton of the β-keto esters. The step results in an enolate ion which is doubly stabilized. The enolate then reacts with an alkyl halide via the SN2 process to produce an alkylated ester intermediate with a new C–C bond. The hydrolysis of the intermediate, followed by acidification, results in an...
3.5K
Alkylation of β-Diester Enolates: Malonic Ester Synthesis01:14

Alkylation of β-Diester Enolates: Malonic Ester Synthesis

3.5K
Malonic ester synthesis is a method to obtain α substituted carboxylic acids from ꞵ-diesters such as diethyl malonate and alkyl halides.
3.5K
Carboxylic Acids to Esters: Acid-Catalyzed (Fischer) Esterification Overview01:20

Carboxylic Acids to Esters: Acid-Catalyzed (Fischer) Esterification Overview

18.3K
The Fischer esterification reaction was developed by the German chemist Emil Fischer in 1895. It is a condensation reaction between carboxylic acids and alcohols in an acidic medium to give esters and water.
18.3K
Esters to Carboxylic Acids: Acid-Catalyzed Hydrolysis01:13

Esters to Carboxylic Acids: Acid-Catalyzed Hydrolysis

3.0K
Hydrolysis of esters under acidic conditions proceeds through a nucleophilic acyl substitution. In the presence of excess water, the reaction proceeds in a reversible manner, forming carboxylic acids and alcohols.
During hydrolysis, the ester is first activated towards nucleophilic attack through the protonation of the carboxyl oxygen atom by the acid catalyst. The protonation makes the ester carbonyl carbon more electrophilic. In the next step, water acts as a nucleophile and adds to the...
3.0K
Acid Halides to Esters: Alcoholysis01:12

Acid Halides to Esters: Alcoholysis

3.0K
Alcoholysis is a nucleophilic acyl substitution reaction in which an alcohol functions as a nucleophile. Acid halides react with alcohol to produce esters. The mechanism proceeds in three steps:
3.0K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

<i>One-pot</i> dearomatizative telescoped addition of <i>C</i>-nucleophiles to fluorinated 1,2,4-oxadiazoles followed by regioselective <i>N</i>-functionalization.

Organic chemistry frontiers : an international journal of organic chemistry·2026
Same author

Solvent-controlled, chemodivergent oxidative anionic Fries rearrangement of <i>O</i>-aryl carbamates under aerobic conditions.

Chemical science·2026
Same author

Combining photocatalysis with imine reductases to access stereodefined pyrrolidines from oxime benzoates.

Organic & biomolecular chemistry·2025
Same author

<i>O</i>-Aryl carbamates of 2-substituted piperidines: anionic Fries rearrangement and kinetic resolution by lithiation.

Organic & biomolecular chemistry·2025
Same author

Novel mechanisms of strigolactone-induced DWARF14 degradation in Arabidopsis thaliana.

Journal of experimental botany·2024
Same author

Wittig Reaction in Deep Eutectic Solvents: Expanding the DES Toolbox in Synthesis.

Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)·2024

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 3, 2025

Synthesis of Esters Via a Greener Steglich Esterification in Acetonitrile
06:52

Synthesis of Esters Via a Greener Steglich Esterification in Acetonitrile

Published on: October 30, 2018

36.1K

Efficient and Low-Impact Acetalization Reactions in Deep Eutectic Solvents.

Davide Arnodo1, Carolina Meazzo1, Salvatore Baldino1

  • 1Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 7, 10125, Torino, Italy.

Chemistry (Weinheim an Der Bergstrasse, Germany)
|April 11, 2023
PubMed
Summary

This study reports acetal synthesis using acidic natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES) as catalysts. The green chemistry approach is efficient, scalable, and utilizes recyclable solvents.

Keywords:
acetalizationacid catalysisdeep eutectic solventsprotecting groupssustainable chemistry

More Related Videos

Highly Stereoselective Synthesis of 1,6-Ketoesters Mediated by Ionic Liquids: A Three-component Reaction Enabling Rapid Access to a New Class of Low Molecular Weight Gelators
06:31

Highly Stereoselective Synthesis of 1,6-Ketoesters Mediated by Ionic Liquids: A Three-component Reaction Enabling Rapid Access to a New Class of Low Molecular Weight Gelators

Published on: November 27, 2015

9.7K
Preparation of Binary and Ternary Deep Eutectic Systems
06:15

Preparation of Binary and Ternary Deep Eutectic Systems

Published on: October 31, 2019

12.0K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Aug 3, 2025

Synthesis of Esters Via a Greener Steglich Esterification in Acetonitrile
06:52

Synthesis of Esters Via a Greener Steglich Esterification in Acetonitrile

Published on: October 30, 2018

36.1K
Highly Stereoselective Synthesis of 1,6-Ketoesters Mediated by Ionic Liquids: A Three-component Reaction Enabling Rapid Access to a New Class of Low Molecular Weight Gelators
06:31

Highly Stereoselective Synthesis of 1,6-Ketoesters Mediated by Ionic Liquids: A Three-component Reaction Enabling Rapid Access to a New Class of Low Molecular Weight Gelators

Published on: November 27, 2015

9.7K
Preparation of Binary and Ternary Deep Eutectic Systems
06:15

Preparation of Binary and Ternary Deep Eutectic Systems

Published on: October 31, 2019

12.0K

Area of Science:

  • Green Chemistry
  • Organic Synthesis
  • Solvent Engineering

Background:

  • Natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES) offer sustainable alternatives to traditional solvents.
  • Acidic NADES can potentially act as catalysts in organic reactions.
  • Acetal synthesis is a fundamental transformation in organic chemistry.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the use of acidic NADES for acetal synthesis.
  • To develop a green and efficient method for acetal formation.
  • To explore the catalytic role of NADES in this reaction.

Main Methods:

  • Acetal synthesis reactions were conducted in acidic NADES under open-air conditions.
  • No external catalysts, additives, or water-removal techniques were employed.
  • The reaction medium was recycled and reused for multiple cycles.

Main Results:

  • The synthesis of acetals was successfully achieved with a wide scope of substrates.
  • The NADES acted as both solvent and catalyst, promoting the reaction efficiently.
  • Products were easily recovered, and the solvent retained its catalytic activity after 10 cycles.
  • The process was demonstrated on a gram scale.

Conclusions:

  • Acidic NADES provide a sustainable and effective medium for acetal synthesis.
  • This method offers a green, scalable, and recyclable alternative to conventional acetalization techniques.
  • The dual role of NADES as solvent and catalyst highlights their potential in catalysis.