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An On-Chip Viscoelasticity Sensor for Biological Fluids.

Qianbin Zhao1, Sheng Yan2, Boran Zhang3

  • 1Hebei Key Laboratory of Biomaterials and Smart Theranostics, School of Health Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300131, China.

Cyborg and Bionic Systems (Washington, D.C.)
|April 11, 2023
PubMed
Summary

This study demonstrates that even subtle viscoelasticity in biological fluids significantly impacts microparticle behavior. An on-chip sensor accurately measures this effect, enabling precise microfluidic applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Microfluidics
  • Biophysics
  • Rheology

Background:

  • Biological fluids are complex non-Newtonian fluids, often exhibiting viscoelastic properties.
  • The viscoelasticity of biological fluids is frequently overlooked in microfluidic applications, despite its influence on particle behavior.
  • Accurate characterization of fluid viscoelasticity is crucial for microfluidic manipulation of biological particles.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a robust and user-friendly on-chip sensor for measuring the viscoelasticity of biological fluids.
  • To investigate and calibrate the effects of weak viscoelasticity on microparticle behavior in microfluidic channels.
  • To establish a method for detecting relaxation times in biological fluids with high sensitivity.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized polyethylene oxide (PEO) solutions of varying concentrations to simulate non-Newtonian fluid behavior.
  • Employed a double-layered microfluidic channel to observe microparticle migration patterns.
  • Developed an analogy-based database correlating fluidic patterns with viscoelasticity and relaxation time.
  • Tested biological fluids like blood plasma and fetal bovine serum for comparison.

Main Results:

  • Established a correlation between PEO solution concentration and observed microparticle behavior, reflecting viscoelastic effects.
  • Demonstrated that biological fluids exhibit viscoelastic effects comparable to PEO solutions of equivalent concentrations.
  • Achieved a detection limit for relaxation time as low as 1 millisecond.
  • Validated the sensor's performance against existing reference data.

Conclusions:

  • The developed on-chip sensor reliably detects and quantifies weak viscoelasticity in biological fluids.
  • This technology offers a robust and integrated solution for microfluidic viscoelasticity sensing without complex calculations.
  • The findings have significant implications for assay sample preparation, clinical diagnostics, and on-chip sensor development.