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Updated: Aug 3, 2025

Event Related Potentials ERPs and other EEG Based Methods for Extracting Biomarkers of Brain Dysfunction: Examples from Pediatric Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder ADHD
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[Functional Neurological Disorders - A Common but Often Unrecognized Diagnosis].

Rike Barth1, Michaela Gegusch2

  • 1Universtitätsklinik für Neurologie, Inselspital, Universitätsspital Bern, Bern, Schweiz.

Praxis
|April 12, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Functional neurological disorders are common and present diversely. Emphasizing symptom reversibility and using a neutral term aids diagnosis and treatment.

Keywords:
DiagnoseFunctional neurological disorderFunktionelle neurologische StörungTroubles neurologiques fonctionnelsdiagnosisdiagnosticmultimodal interdisciplinary treatmentmultimodale interdisziplinäre Behandlungmédecine psychosomatiquepsychosomatic medicinepsychosomatische Medizintraitement multimodal interdisciplinaire

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Psychiatry

Context:

  • Functional neurological disorders (FNDs) are frequent and present with diverse clinical manifestations.
  • While psychological factors contribute to symptom development and perpetuation, psychiatric comorbidities are not required for diagnosis.

Purpose:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of functional neurological disorders.
  • To emphasize key diagnostic and therapeutic considerations for FNDs.

Summary:

  • Diagnosis relies on anamnesis and positive clinical signs, not solely on psychiatric comorbidities.
  • Highlighting symptom commonness and reversibility, alongside demonstrating positive clinical signs, is crucial during consultations.
  • Adopting the neutral term "functional neurological disorder" and employing science-based explanations and the bio-psycho-social model aids patient understanding.

Impact:

  • Facilitates accurate diagnosis and recognition of FNDs.
  • Improves patient understanding and therapeutic outcomes through clear communication and evidence-based models.
  • Promotes interdisciplinary and multimodal treatment approaches for these potentially reversible conditions.