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Updated: Aug 3, 2025

Phenotypic and Functional Analysis of Activated Regulatory T Cells Isolated from Chronic Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus-infected Mice
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Distinctive Dynamics and Functions of the CD4+CD25+FOXP3+ Regulatory T Cell Population in Patients with Severe and

Heejin Nam1, June-Young Koh2, Jae Hyung Jung2

  • 1The Center for Viral Immunology, Korea Virus Research Institute, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.

Journal of Immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)
|April 12, 2023
PubMed

Although CD4+CD25+FOXP3+ regulatory T (TREG) cells have been studied in patients with COVID-19, changes in the TREG cell population have not been longitudinally examined during the course of COVID-19. In this study, we longitudinally investigated the quantitative and qualitative changes in the TREG cell population in patients with COVID-19. We found that the frequencies of total TREG cells and CD45RA-FOXP3hi activated TREG cells were significantly increased 15-28 d postsymptom onset in severe patients, but not in mild patients. TREG cells from severe patients exhibited not only increased proliferation but also enhanced apoptosis, suggesting functional derangement of the TREG cell population during severe COVID-19. The suppressive functions of the TREG cell population did not differ between patients with severe versus mild COVID-19. The frequency of TREG cells inversely correlated with SARS-CoV-2-specific cytokine production by CD4+ T cells and their polyfunctionality in patients with mild disease, suggesting that TREG cells are major regulators of virus-specific CD4+ T cell responses during mild COVID-19. However, such correlations were not observed in patients with severe disease. Thus, in this study, we describe distinctive changes in the TREG cell population in patients with severe and mild COVID-19. Our study provides a deep understanding of host immune responses upon SARS-CoV-2 infection in regard to TREG cells.

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