Molecular Tailored Therapeutic Options for Advanced Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors (GISTs): Current Practice and...

Area of Science:

• Oncology
• Molecular Biology
• Gastroenterology

Background:

• Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are the most common mesenchymal neoplasms of the gastrointestinal tract.
• GISTs exhibit significant molecular heterogeneity, influencing clinical behavior and treatment response.
• Recent decades have seen advancements in understanding GIST-specific molecular alterations.

Purpose of the Study:

• To provide a comprehensive review of the molecular pathways implicated in GIST development.
• To correlate specific GIST mutations with tailored therapeutic strategies.
• To discuss current and emerging treatment options, including future perspectives for GIST management.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of scientific articles and clinical studies on GISTs.
• Analysis of molecular alterations and their impact on GISTs.
• Synthesis of information on targeted therapies and ongoing clinical investigations.

Main Results:

• Identification of key molecular drivers in GISTs, such as KIT and PDGFRA mutations.
• Association of specific mutations with differential responses to tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs).
• Overview of approved and investigational targeted therapies, including imatinib, sunitinib, and ripretinib.

Conclusions:

• Molecular profiling is crucial for personalized GIST treatment.
• Targeted therapies have significantly improved outcomes for GIST patients.
• Continued research into novel therapeutic strategies holds promise for further advancing GIST care.