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Plastic Deformation in Circular Shafts

Plastic Deformation in Circular Shafts

When materials are subjected to forces that surpass their yield strength, they undergo a process known as plastic deformation. This results in a permanent alteration or strain in their structure. This concept can be specifically applied to circular shafts, where the deformation leads to a change in its shape. The precise evaluation of this plastic deformation requires understanding the stress distribution within the circular shaft, which is achieved by calculating the maximum shearing stress in...

Circular Shafts - Elastoplastic Materials

Circular Shafts - Elastoplastic Materials

The study of solid circular shafts under stress shows that within the elastic limit, stress increases directly to the distance from the shaft's center. This relationship holds until the shaft reaches a critical point of stress, beyond which it begins to yield, marking the transition from elastic to plastic deformation. At this crucial juncture, the maximum torque the shaft can endure without permanent deformation is determined, signifying the limit of its elastic behavior.
As torque on the...

Plasticizers

Plasticizers

Water-reducers, or plasticizers, are chemical admixtures used in concrete to improve strength and workability. These additives reduce the water-cement ratio without compromising workability, lower the cement content while maintaining the same workability, or increase workability to assist concrete placement in inaccessible areas.
Plasticizers function by using surface-active agents to create repulsive electrostatic forces between cement particles. This dispersion enhances the concrete's...

Residual Stresses in Circular Shafts

Residual Stresses in Circular Shafts

In materials that exhibit elastic and plastic behavior, known as elastoplastic materials, residual stresses can accumulate when these materials experience plastic deformation. This deformation arises from either high levels of shearing stress or significant strains. Residual stresses are internal stresses that persist within a material after removing the external force causing deformation. This phenomenon is demonstrated when observing the behavior of a shaft under torque; notably, the...

Plastic Deformations

Plastic Deformations

Plastic deformation represents a fundamental concept in materials science, which explains the irreversible change in the shape of a material when it experiences stress beyond its elastic capability. This phenomenon is important in structural engineering, especially in designing and analyzing cantilever beams—structures that are securely fixed at one end and bear loads at the opposite end. When these beams are subjected to loads within their elastic range, they will return to their...

Plastic Behavior

Plastic Behavior

A material's elastic behavior is characterized by the disappearance of stress once the load is removed, allowing the material to return to its original state. However, when stress surpasses the yield point, yielding commences, marking the onset of plastic deformation or permanent set. This change from elastic to plastic behavior is influenced by the peak stress value and the duration before the load is removed. An intriguing observation occurs when a specimen is loaded, unloaded, and...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 3, 2025

The Effect of Construction and Demolition Waste Plastic Fractions on Wood-Polymer Composite Properties

The Effect of Construction and Demolition Waste Plastic Fractions on Wood-Polymer Composite Properties

Published on: June 7, 2020

Information-Based Plastic Material Tracking for Circular Economy-A Review.

Thomas Rumetshofer¹, Jörg Fischer¹

¹Institute of Polymeric Materials and Testing, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenberger Straße 69, 4040 Linz, Austria.

|April 13, 2023

Summary

Advancing plastics recycling requires innovative tracking solutions. Technologies like physical markers, blockchain, digital product passports, and standards are reviewed to support a circular economy for plastics.

Keywords:

blockchain certification circular economy digital product passport physical tracking plastic material traceability

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Area of Science:

Materials Science
Environmental Science
Information Technology

Background:

The current plastics recycling industry is inefficient, focusing on easy-to-recycle materials.
Significant innovation is needed to achieve ambitious recycling targets and foster a true circular economy for plastics.

Purpose of the Study:

To review and analyze scientific literature and initiatives in four key technology areas for information-based plastic material tracking.
To assess the potential of these technologies in supporting the plastic circular economy.

Main Methods:

Literature review and analysis of four technology categories: physical markers, blockchain, digital product passports, and standards/certification systems.
Evaluation of each technology's advantages, disadvantages, and implementation challenges.

Main Results:

Physical markers offer immediate sorting benefits but face technical challenges.
Blockchain provides transparency and security but has high energy demands and technical uncertainties.
Digital product passports combine physical and digital elements, raising data ownership concerns.
Standards and certification systems aim for consensus but have slow market adoption.

Conclusions:

No single technology is a silver bullet; an integrated approach is necessary for effective plastic material tracking.
Broad acceptance by industry stakeholders and societal support are crucial for the success of circular economy initiatives in plastics.