Comparison of the Low-Velocity Impact Responses and Compressive Residual Strengths of GLARE and a 3DFML

The impact performance and compression after impact characteristics of 2D and 3D fiber metal laminates (FMLs) are investigated both experimentally and numerically. Commercial-grade GLARE3A-3/2-0.3, and a recently developed FML, which incorporates a unique 3D glass fabric, are used in the study. Both FMLs have similar areal densities. The specimens are subjected to impact loading at three energy levels-low, intermediate, and high. The test results indicate that GLARE is slightly more resilient under impact compared to the 3DFML. However, since GLARE is much thinner than the 3DFML, the two-material systems exhibit very different failure modes. GLARE and 3DFML lost up to 62.6% and 41.5% of their original compressive load-bearing capacity, respectively. Robust and accurate finite element models are developed that can predict the damage evolution and failure modes of both FMLs. Knowing the level of reduction in the residual load-bearing capacity of a material resulting from an impact is of practical importance when assessing the service life of materials. However, further exploration would be required to determine how the information obtained through testing relatively small-sized specimens in a laboratory environment can be extrapolated to larger real-life structural components.