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Related Concept Videos

Radial System Protection01:23

Radial System Protection

128
Radial systems employ time-delay overcurrent relays to reduce load interruptions. When a fault occurs, the nearest breaker opens first, while upstream breakers remain closed due to longer delay settings. This approach ensures minimal disruption to the rest of the system.
In a radial system with a fault downstream of the third breaker, ideally, only the third breaker will open, isolating the fault and interrupting the load connected beyond it. The second breaker has a longer delay setting,...
128
Distribution Reliability and Automation01:25

Distribution Reliability and Automation

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Distribution reliability in electrical power systems is critical for ensuring an uninterrupted power supply to consumers at minimal cost. According to IEEE Standard Terms, reliability is the probability that a device will function without failure over a specified time period or amount of usage. For electric power distribution, this translates to maintaining continuous power supply and addressing customer concerns over power outages. Several indices, as defined by IEEE Standard 1366-2012, are...
139
Directional Relays01:25

Directional Relays

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Directional relays, essential for managing unidirectional fault currents, enhance the safety and efficiency of power systems. On power lines equipped with directional relays, faults downstream (to the right) of the current transformer typically cause the fault current to lag the bus voltage by approximately 90 degrees, known as the forward direction. In contrast, upstream (left-side) faults may result in the fault current leading the bus voltage by nearly 90 degrees, termed the reverse...
155
Pilot and Numeric Relaying01:21

Pilot and Numeric Relaying

112
Pilot relaying is a type of differential protection used in power systems. It compares electrical quantities at the terminals of equipment via a communication channel instead of direct relay interconnection. This method is essential for transmission lines where the terminals are far apart, typically up to 80 km for lines with 69 to 115 kV ratings. Four types of communication channels are used for pilot relaying:
112
Reclosers and Fuses01:26

Reclosers and Fuses

144
Automatic circuit reclosers enhance the protection of distribution circuits by interrupting and auto-reclosing an AC circuit according to a preset sequence. They effectively manage temporary faults on overhead distribution lines, often caused by tree limbs or wildlife, by briefly disrupting service to improve overall reliability. However, contact with reclosers or energized broken conductors on the ground can pose serious hazards.
A comprehensive protection scheme for radial distribution...
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Nursing Clinical Information System01:27

Nursing Clinical Information System

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Nursing Clinical Information System (NCIS)
A Nursing Clinical Information System (NCIS) is a specialized type of healthcare information system tailored to meet the unique needs of nursing practice. It incorporates the principles of nursing informatics to streamline information management and improve the quality of care delivery.
Critical attributes of NCIS include:
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Large Scale Energy Efficient Sensor Network Routing Using a Quantum Processor Unit
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DT-RRNS: Routing Protocol Design for Secure and Reliable Distributed Smart Sensors Communication Systems.

Andrei Gladkov1, Egor Shiriaev1, Andrei Tchernykh2,3

  • 1Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, North-Caucasus Federal University, 355017 Stavropol, Russia.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
|April 13, 2023
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Summary

This study introduces a new routing protocol, DT-RRNS, for smart city networks. It enhances speed, reliability, and security in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) and Mobile Ad hoc NETworks (MANET) using Secret Sharing Schemes (SSS) and Redundant Residual Number Systems (RRNS).

Keywords:
Mobile Ad hoc NetworkResidue Number SystemSecret Sharing Schemescommunicationdistributed transmittedheterogeneous sensor networksreliabilitysmart city

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Area of Science:

  • Computer Science
  • Network Security
  • Distributed Systems

Background:

  • Smart cities require robust communication systems for IoT devices.
  • Existing Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) and Mobile Ad hoc NETworks (MANET) face challenges in speed, reliability, and security.
  • Heterogeneous networking in smart cities demands advanced routing solutions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose an efficient, secure, and reliable routing protocol for distributed dynamic heterogeneous networks.
  • To enhance data transmission in WSN and MANET environments.
  • To address the security and reliability requirements of smart city communication systems.

Main Methods:

  • Combining Secret Sharing Schemes (SSS) and Redundant Residual Number Systems (RRNS) for data transmission.
  • Developing a novel routing protocol named Distributed dynamic heterogeneous network Transmission with Redundant Residual Number Systems (DT-RRNS).
  • Analyzing data transmission based on RRNS, which encodes data into shares for parallel transmission.

Main Results:

  • The proposed DT-RRNS protocol demonstrates increased speed, reliability, and security.
  • Adaptive multipath secured transmission protects data from route attacks.
  • Self-correcting properties inherent in RRNS improve fault tolerance.

Conclusions:

  • The DT-RRNS protocol offers an efficient mechanism for secure and reliable data routing in smart city networks.
  • The integration of SSS and RRNS provides a robust solution for heterogeneous networks.
  • This approach enhances the overall performance and resilience of smart city communication infrastructure.