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Related Concept Videos

Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming01:29

Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming

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Reprogramming alters the gene expression in somatic cells, transforming them into induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells over several generations. Scientists can reprogram cells by introducing genes for four transcription factors—Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc (OSKM) by viral or non-viral methods. These factors are also known as Yamanaka factors after Shinya Yamanaka, who first generated iPS cells using mouse skin cells. Yamanaka was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2012...
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Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming01:24

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Nuclear reprogramming is a process of transforming one cell type into an unrelated cell type by epigenetic changes that alter the cell’s original gene expression pattern. Such epigenetic changes force cells to express a different set of genes, which play a significant role in inducing transformation into other cell types. Nuclear reprogramming offers applications in reproductive cloning for livestock propagation and regenerative medicine — developing patient-specific cells for...
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Reproductive Cloning01:27

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Reproductive cloning is the process of producing a genetically identical copy—a clone—of an entire organism. While clones can be produced by splitting an early embryo—similar to what happens naturally with identical twins—cloning of adult animals is usually done by a process called somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT).
Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer
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Stem Cell Therapy for Tissue Regeneration01:21

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Stem cell therapy is a method used in regenerative medicine to repair and restore function to damaged tissues and organs. Stem cells have the potential to proliferate and differentiate into various tissue types, making them ideal candidates for tissue regeneration. For example, hematopoietic stem cell transplants are commonly used in blood cancer treatment to replenish damaged bone marrow and restore healthy blood cells.
Types of Stem Cells used in Stem Cell Therapy
The two main cell...
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Stem Cell Culture01:17

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Stem cell research aims to find ways to use stem cells to regenerate and repair cellular damage. Over time, most adult cells undergo the wear and tear of aging and lose their ability to divide and repair themselves. Stem cells do not display a particular morphology or function. Adult stem cells, which exist as a small subset of cells in most tissues, keep dividing and can differentiate into a number of specialized cells generally formed by that tissue. These cells enable the body to renew and...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 2, 2025

Reprogramming Primary Amniotic Fluid and Membrane Cells to Pluripotency in Xeno-free Conditions
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Applying the Cytocentric Principles to Regenerative Medicine for Reproducibility.

Alicia D Henn1, Kunal Mitra2, Joshua Hunsberger3

  • 1BioSpherix, Ltd, 25 Union St, Parish, NY 13131, USA.

Current Stem Cell Reports
|April 13, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Reproducibility in regenerative medicine requires prioritizing cell needs. Introducing five cytocentric principles ensures optimal, individualized, and dynamic cell culture conditions for reliable cell and tissue products.

Keywords:
Cell cultureCytocentricOrganoidsRegenerative medicineStem cellsTissue engineering

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Area of Science:

  • Regenerative Medicine
  • Cell Biology
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • Cell and tissue products are influenced by their entire history, not just current conditions.
  • Current cell culture methods often expose cells to variable, non-physiologic environments.
  • There's a growing recognition of the cell environment's critical role in product quality and reproducibility.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To define five cytocentric principles for regenerative medicine.
  • To place cell conditions at the forefront of practices for improved reproducibility.
  • To address the need for controlled culture conditions in producing reliable cell products.

Main Methods:

  • Defining fundamental needs of cells in culture.
  • Outlining five cytocentric principles: contamination protection, physiologic simulation, and optimized, individualized, dynamic conditions.
  • Reviewing existing and needed technologies, education, and regulatory support.

Main Results:

  • Established five core cytocentric principles for cell culture.
  • Highlighted the importance of a cell-centric approach for consistent outcomes.
  • Identified key areas including physiologic needs, technology, education, and regulation.

Conclusions:

  • Implementing cytocentric principles is essential for advancing regenerative medicine.
  • A shift towards prioritizing cell environments will enhance product reproducibility.
  • Further development in technology, education, and regulation is needed to support these principles.