Related Experiment Video
Updated: Feb 10, 2026

In Vitro Apical-Out Enteroid Model of Necrotizing Enterocolitis
Published on: June 8, 2022
AI driven 3D subcellular RPE map discovers cell state transitions in establishment of apical-basal polarity
Davide Ortolan1, Pushkar Sathe2, Andrei Volkov1
1Ocular and Stem Cell Translational Research Section, National Eye Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD USA.
Researchers used AI to create a 3D digital twin of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells, revealing how these crucial cells polarize and organize organelles. This discovery offers insights into maintaining RPE function and preventing retinal degeneration.
Area of Science:
- Cell Biology
- Developmental Biology
- Ophthalmology
Background:
- The retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) is vital for vision, forming a barrier that maintains retinal homeostasis.
- Disrupted RPE polarity is linked to retinal degeneration, but its underlying subcellular organization is poorly understood.
Purpose of the Study:
- To elucidate the subcellular organizational principles governing RPE apical/basal polarity establishment.
- To create a quantitative 3D digital twin of RPE cells during polarization.
Main Methods:
- Developed an AI platform (POLARIS) combining mask region-based convolutional neural networks and mathematical modeling for high-content image analysis.
- Applied the AI platform to quantitatively analyze RPE subcellular structures during polarization.
Main Results:
- Identified dynamic changes in RPE cells during polarization, including cell shape changes, nuclear volume decrease with invaginations, junctional complex consolidation, and organelle translocation (ER, mitochondria, lysosomes).
- AI and mathematical modeling revealed non-stochastic cell state transitions and 3D organelle interactions during RPE polarization.
Conclusions:
- The study provides a quantitative 3D digital twin of RPE polarization, offering unprecedented insights into subcellular organization.
- This AI-driven approach can serve as a reference for identifying intracellular defects in diseased RPE and understanding retinal degeneration.
More Related Videos
12:09Establishing a Liquid-covered Culture of Polarized Human Airway Epithelial Calu-3 Cells to Study Host Cell Response to Respiratory Pathogens In vitro
Published on: February 7, 2013
10:26AFM-based Mapping of the Elastic Properties of Cell Walls: at Tissue, Cellular, and Subcellular Resolutions
Published on: July 24, 2014
Related Concept Videos
Molecular Shape and Polarity
Phase Transitions
Group Polarization
Assessment of apical pulse
Assessing the apical pulse is a critical nursing procedure, particularly indicated for:
Phase Transitions: Sublimation and Deposition
Phase Transitions: Melting and Freezing