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Predictors of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in Sri Lankan Children: A School Based Community Study
Nazneen Nazeer1, Yasodha Maheshi Rohanachandra2, Shamini Prathapan2
1University of Colombo, Sri Lanka.
Objective:
To evaluate potential risk-factors of ADHD among primary school-children (PSC) in state schools in Colombo district of Sri Lanka.
Method:
A case-control study was conducted with 73 cases and 264 controls selected randomly among 6 to 10-year-old PSC from Sinhala medium state schools in Colombo district. Primary care givers completed the SNAP-IV P/T-S scale to screen for ADHD and an interviewer-administered questionnaire on risk-factors. Children's diagnostic status was confirmed by a Consultant Child and Adolescent Psychiatrist based on DSM-5 criteria.
Results:
A binomial regression model identified male sex (aOR = 3.45; 95% CI [1.65, 7.18]), lower educational level of the mother (aOR = 2.99; 95% CI [1.31, 6.48]), birth weight <2,500 g (aOR = 2.83; 95% CI [1.17, 6.81]),a neonatal complications (aOR = 3.82; 95% CI [191, 7.65]) and child having witnessed verbal/emotional aggression between parents (aOR = 2.08; 95% CI [1.01, 4.27])as significant predictors of ADHD.
Conclusion:
Primary prevention should focus on strengthening neonatal, maternal and child health services within the country.
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